Renal anatomy Flashcards
What % of the total body weight is water?
50-70% of body weight (60%)
What is the average weight of a person?
70kg
What is average volume of water in a person in kg or L?
70kg x 0.6 = 42kg or 42L
What is the extracellular fluid?
- transcellular fluid
- plasma
- interstitial
How many litres is transcellular fluid?
1.5-2 litres (cerebrospinal) - 3%
How many litres is plasma?
3-4 litres (7 litres)
How many litres is interstitial fluid?
11-12 (28%)
How many litres of total body fluid is intracellular fluid?
25-30 litres (62%)
What are 2 examples of cations?
K+ (potassium)
Na+ (sodium)
Describe K+ & Na+ cations inside & outside a cell
- High levels of K+ inside cell, low inside cell
- Low levels of Na+ inside cell, high inside cell
What is an example of an anion?
chlorine (Cl-)
What does the volume of plasma determine?
determines blood pressure
How much sodium do we intake a day?
150 mmoles Na+/day
How much H20 do we intake a day?
2.6l/day
What 2 ways do we lose H20?
- urine
- respiration, stool, sweat
What are 2 ways we lose sodium?
- stool + sweat - 10 mmoles
- urine - 140 mmoles
What organs plays a critical role in regulating sodium content of the plasma, as well as plasma volume, which therefore determine our blood pressure?
Kidneys
How much does a kidney weigh?
150g
Where is the kidney located?
12th thoracic & 3rd lumbar
How large are the kidneys?
10cm tall, 5.5cm wide
What does the renal artery carry?
blood to the kidney
What does the renal vein?
blood away from kidney
What is micturition?
the expulsion of urine from the body
Describe how urine is drained from the body
Urine produced in the kidneys drain into the renal pelvis, into the ureter and into the bladder where it is stored and then expelled from the body via the process of micturition
How many foetuses experience Renal agenesis?
1 in 2500
How many people experience an ectopic kidney?
1 in 800 (damage & stones)
How many people have a horseshoe kidney?
1 in 1000
What is a horseshoe kidney?
Fusion of kidneys across the midline, leading to an increased risk of the development of kidney stones
What are the different parts of the gross structure of the kidney?
- capsule (outer layer)
- cortex
- medullary ray
- pelvis
- ureter