Practical exam - hip

Question 1

What is the classification of the hip joint?

Answer 1

synovial
ball and socket
multi axial
simple

Question 2

What is the normal ROM of hip flexion?

Answer 2

0-120 degrees

Question 3

What is the normal ROM hip extension?

Answer 3

0-20 degrees

Question 4

What is the normal ROM abduction?

Answer 4

0-45 degrees

Question 5

What is the normal ROM adduction?

Answer 5

0-30 degrees

Question 6

What is normal ROM for medial rotation?

Answer 6

0-40 degrees

Question 7

What is the normal ROM for lateral rotation?

Answer 7

0-60 degrees

Question 8

Limiting factors to hip flexion?

Answer 8

Contact of thigh with abdominal wall

Tension in opposing muscles: Extensors (gluteus max, hamstrings)

Question 9

Limiting factors to hip extension?

Answer 9

Ligaments: all capsular ligaments

Tension in opposing muscles: flexors (iliopsoas)

Question 10

Limiting factors to hip abduction?

Answer 10

Ligaments:
pubofemoral, iliofemoral (medial/inferior band)

Inferior joint capsule

Tension in the adductors - adductor magnus

Question 11

Limiting factors to hip adduction?

Answer 11

Ligaments:
iliofemoral (lateral/superior band), ischiofemoral

Tension in opposing muscles: Abductors - gluteus max, min, med , tensor fascia lata

Question 12

Limiting factors to medial rotation of the hip?

Answer 12

Ligaments:
ischiofemoral

Tension in opp. muscles: Lateral rotators - Piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus sup + inf.

Question 13

Limiting factors to lateral rotation of the hip?

Answer 13

Ligaments:
iliofemoral, pubofemoral

Tension in medial rotators - anterior part of glut. med. and min., tensor fascia lata, iliopsoas.

Question 14

What is important to note in a positive Trendelenburg test?

Answer 14

The sound side sags

Question 15

What does a positive thomas test suggest?

Answer 15

Can indicate the presence of a fixed flexed deformity at the hip which can be measured with goniometer.

FFD can be caused by shortening of the soft tissue on the anterior of the hip joint.

Shortened structures can include muscles (psoas major, rectus femoris, etc.) or the soft tissue of the capsule.

Question 16

What does a true leg length discrepancy indicate?

Answer 16

An issue below the level of the greater trochanter.

Such as an impacted healed fracture or a loss of joint space due to pathology or deformity such as OA or polio.

Question 17

What does an apparent leg length discrepancy indicate?

Answer 17

An issue above the greater trochanter.

Such as in the lower back or pelvis.

Question 18

What does the femoral triangle consist of?

Answer 18

Inguinal ligament

Adductor longus

Sartorius

Question 19

What is the role of the sartorius?

Answer 19

Hip flexion
abduction
lateral rotation

Question 20

What main muscles flex the hip?

Answer 20

Psoas major
Iliacus
Pectineus
Rec. fem
sartorius

Question 21

What main muscles extend the hip?

Answer 21

Glut. max
Hamstrings

Question 22

What main muscles adduct the hip?

Answer 22

Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracillis
Pectineus

Question 23

What main muscles abduct the hip?

Answer 23

Glut. max
Glut. med
Glut. min
Tensor fascia lata

Question 24

What muscles medially rotate hip?

Answer 24

Anterior part of glut. med
Anterior part of glut. min
Tensor fascia lata
Iliopsoas

Question 25

What muscles laterally rotate the hip?

Answer 25

Gluteus max.
Piriformis
Obturator internus + externus
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris