Ethnic differences: External

Question 1

Summarise class & gender differences between ethnic groups

Answer 1

-Girls & Mc do best
-White achievement close to national average But WC do worst (only 23% WC boys gained A*-C in GCSE)
-White make less progress than black and asian between 11-16

Question 2

3 main aspects of CD

Answer 2

-Language/ Intellectual/ Linguistic skills
-Attitudes & values
-Family structure and parental support

Question 3

Bereiter & Engelmann

Answer 3

-Many WC B homes lack intellectual stimulation. poorly equipped
- language spoken inadequate. Ungrammatical, unable to abstractly think

Question 4

Blackpupils attitudes & values

Answer 4

Black pupils: Fatalistic subculture ‘live for today’, lack of motivation, don’t value education. Unlike mainstream culture of ambition.

Question 5

Moynihan

Answer 5

New right
-Failure to adequately socialise- Many B families headed by female LPF, deprived of adequate care, financial struggle, dysfunctional.
-See this as a cycle of unstable families-lack of male role model.

Question 6

Pryce

Answer 6

B Caribbean underachievement, compared to Asian pupils
-Argues they’re higher achievers due to resistance to racism culture, more self worth. B less so, also result of colonisation.

Question 7

Sewell

Answer 7

-Not absence of role model but fatherly nurturing ‘tough love’ that leads to B boys struggling to overcome emotional difficulties
-Street gangs of other LFP boys = loyalty& love. Anti school subcultures
-Succesful boys say peer pressure hardest barrier.

Question 8

Gillborn

Answer 8

Criticises Sewell.
-Not peer pressure but institutional racism in education system

Question 9

Lupton

Answer 9

Family authority in Asian families similar to school model- easier to conform

Question 10

Study of 4 mostly WC schools

Answer 10

-R focuses on B family structure but white WC often underachieve
-Reported poorer behaviour/discipline for white, blamed on lower level of parental support & negative attitudes unlike ethnic minorities

Question 11

Example of compensatory education

Answer 11

Aim of Operation Head Start USA
-to compensate children for the cultural deficit said due to deprived backgrounds

Question 12

Driver

Answer 12

Critique CD theory (oppose compensatory edu)
- Ignores the + effects of ethnicity on achievement. Shows the BC family (far from dysfunctional), provides girls with strong female role model. -Explains why girls tend to do better than boys.

Question 13

Lawrence

Answer 13

Critique CD theory (oppose compensatory edu)
-Challenges Pryces view that B pupils fail due to weak culture &self esteem. It’s RACISM.

Question 14

Keddie

Answer 14

Critique CD theory (oppose compensatory edu)
-Victim blaming explanation, argue ethnic minorities are culturally different not deprived.
-Underachievement due to ethnocentric schools: biased towards w culture

Question 15

What do critiques of CD theory propose

Answer 15

Multicultural education: recognises/includes cultures
Anti racist education: policies to challenge prejudice

Question 16

Palmer

Answer 16

Four reasons why minority ethnic groups are more likely to suffer material deprivation..
-Almost 1/2 live in wc households. 1/4 white
-2x as likely unemployed
-3x as likely to be homeless
-1/2 Bangladeshi & pakistan workers earn under £7/hour. 1/4 white

Question 17

Explain Palmers stats

Answer 17

-Many live in economically depressed areas (high unemployment, low wages)
-Cultural factors, traditions prevent women working
-Lack of language skills, foreign qualifications not recognised
-Racial discrimination in labour market/housing

Question 18

Rank ethnic groups in likelihood to receive free school meals

Answer 18

Bangladeshi, Black African, Pakistan, Black Caribbean, White British

Question 19

Example of ethnicity more important than class in achievement

Answer 19

-86% chinese girls achieve 5+ GCSEs on free school meals
-compared to 65% White girls

Question 20

Rex

Answer 20

Racism leads to social exclusion in…
-Housing: Discrimination means ethnic minorities are likely forced into poor housing than white in same class
-Employment: Evidence of deliberate discrimination, negatively impacts children’s education prospects

Question 21

Wood

Answer 21

Sent out 1000 closely matched job applications
-1 in 16 received an interview (ethnic minorities)
-1 in 9 white received an interview