menopause Flashcards
what diet and lifetsyle factors affects menopause?
stop smoking
alcohol and caffeine consumption
weight loss
stress reduction
regular exercise
no uterus HRT
if BMI over 30?
oestrogen only as a transdermal patch
otherwise oestrogen with progetserone
brand Elleste solo
Elleste solo
HRT
how can it be taken
routes?
monthly : oestrogen every day and progesteron last 14 days
3 monthly : progesterone only last 14 days of 3 month period, oestrogen every day
continuous: oestrogen and progesterone daily
oral, transdermal, vaginal creams / gels
genital tract symptoms of menopause?
dryness, dysparaeunia
risks of HRT
oestrogenic effects?
progestogenic effects?
breast cancer
CVD
VTE
breast tenderness, nausea, headaches
fluid retention, mood swings, depression
contraindications of HRT
pregnancy
breast cancer
endometrial cancer
htn
VTE
thrombophilia
vaginal bleed
severe liver disease
non hrt medications?
vasomotor
fluxetine
citalopram
venlafaxine
non hrt
vaginal dryness
lubricant
what occurs in menopause ?
hot flushes
sexual dysfunction
mood changes
holistic approach to managing menopause
lifestyle factors - diet, alcohol, smoking, weight loss
medical options : HRT, SSRI, lubricants and
- risks/ se
need for contraception >2 year is amenorrhoeic <50
MDT approach; GP, psychosexual counselling, gynaecology
define menopause
○ The last menstrual period
○ Cessation of regular ovarian function
avaerage age for menopause in Uk
51§§
where is inhibin b produced?
what is the impact in menopause
follicles within ovary
this leads to increased GnRH pulsatility
hot flush is otherwise known as ?
vasomotor symptoms
oestrogen has a modulating effect on serotinergic receptors in the thermoregulatory pathways of the brain
so lack of oestrogen > exaggerated peripheral vasodilatory responses to minor atmospheric changes in temperature
psychological impact of menopause?
depression (phq-9)
low mood
irriability
lack of energy
