Grammatik - Verben Flashcards
First Conjugation Verbs
1. Give Example
2. Conjugate: to work
jetoj
luaj
punoj
punon
punon
punojmë
punoni
punojnë
Second Conjugation Verbs
1. Conjugate: marr, pres, zbres
2. what is the rule with s?
class 2 verbs take no ending in singular forms
unë marr
ti merr
ai merr
ne marrim
ju merrni
ata marrin
the “s” in the end changes in 2. and 3. person to “t”
pres
pret
pret
presim
pritni
presin
The modal Verbs: must, can and the present subjunctive
I must choose.
You must choose
He must choose
We can choose.
You can choose.
They can choose
how to negate sentences with a modal verb?
I cannot go there
modal verbs like duhet (must), and mund (can) are followed by the subjunctive and not conjugated.
Unë duhet të zgjedh.
Ti duhet të zgjedhësh.
Ai duhet të zgjedhë.
Ne mund të zgjedhim.
Ju mund të zgjidhni.
Ata mund të zgjedhin.
For negation add the word nuk in front of the modal
Unë nuk mund të shkoj atje.
Other basic constructions that require subjunctive:
The verb to start and to continue and the subjunctive.
He is starting to study.
We continue to sing.
The verbs filloj and vazhdoj are typically followed by the subjunctive.
Unlike duhet and mund these verbs are fully conjugated
Ai po fillon të studiojë.
Po vazhdojmë të këndojmë.
Other basic constructions that require subjunctive:
Impersonal constructions like “it’s good”, “it’s better”, “it’s bad”, “it’s difficult”, and “it’s necessary
It’s good (for you) to relax.
It is not bad if you rest a little bit.
It’s important (for you) to study every day.
It’s necessary (for you) to speak albanian.
how can you negate this form of subjunctive?
është mirë, është me mire, është keq, është e vështirë, është e nevojshme
Është mirë të pushosh.
Nuk është keq të pushosh pak.
Është i rëndësishme të mësoni cdo ditë.
Është e nevojshme të flasësh shqip.
To negate a subjunctive use mos “not” after të.
It’s better that we not go to the theater today.
Është më mirë të mos shkojmë në teatër sot.
Other basic constructions that require subjunctive:
how to express a purpose?
I’m going to the store (in order to) buy potatoes
how to express purpose in written language?
I’m studying Albanian in order to go to Albania.
To express a purpose, we use the conjunction që (in order to)
Po shkoj në dyqan (që) të blej patate.
for written language we use : me qëllim që (in order to, so as to)
Po mësoj shqip me qëllim që të shkoj në Shqipëri.
Other basic constructions that require subjunctive:
What temporal conjunctions are followed by the subjunctive?
I’m coming before you go there.
I’m going after I finish the homework.
what’s with written albanian?
When she finishes her homework, she will go out with her friends
The subjunctive typically follows some temporal conjunctions when the event or state described by the verb has not taken place yet.
when (kur)
before (para se)
after (pasi)
as soon as (sapo)
until (derisa)
Po vij, para se të shkosh ti atje.
Po shkoj, pasi të mbaroj detyrat
In written albanian the two clauses are separated by a comma. The temporal clause also may procede the main clause.
Sapo të mbarojë detyrat, ajo do të dalë me shokët.
when do we use class 6 verbs?
The present indicative of verbs that end in -(h)em
Many of the verbs that end in - (h)em are verbs where the subject both carries
out and receives the action of the verb. Because of this property, verbs like zgjohem ‘to wake up’,
lahem ‘to wash oneself’, and vishem ‘to dress oneself’ are called refl exive verbs.
we also use those verbs for the passive:
Gazeta publikon artikullin.
The newspaper publishes the article.
Artikulli publikohet nga gazeta.
The article is published by the newspaper.
The first sentence is an active sentence because the subject performs the action of the verb. The
second example is a passive sentence because the subject receives rather than performs the action
of the verb. Notice that in English we use the passive auxiliary verb ‘to be’ + the past participle to
form such constructions. In Albanian we use the -hem form of the verb to form a passive construction.
