Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4TH YEAR 1ST SEM > TRANSPO FINALS > Flashcards

TRANSPO FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

TRANSPORTATION SAFETY

A

required factor in the planning process and transportation planners are key partners ensuring that safety is an integral component of all planning processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SAFETY PLANNING

A

reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. Safety planning is a collaborative and integrated approach that brings together safety partners to leverage resources for a common safety goal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SAFETY STAKEHOLDERS

A

Over the past years, safety practitioners have found value in partnering with a variety of other disciplines, such as public health, advocacy groups, universities, and others to more fully engage the community and the public in safety enhancements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SAFETY STAKEHOLDERS

A

becoming increasingly adept in recognizing opportunities for partnerships to help attain safety goals and objectives. This section identifies major safety stakeholders and their roles in the safety planning process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The 4 Es of Safety

A

ENGINEERING
ENFORCEMENT
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE
EDUCATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Other Safety Stakeholders

A
  • Health Department Personnel
  • Safety Advocates
  • Tribal Governments
  • Planners
  • Elected Officials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three Types of Safety Strategies

A
  • Crash prevention (before the crash)
  • Crash injury and fatality mitigation (during the crash)
  • Improving emergency response and medicine (after the crash)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Some Crash Prevention Strategies

A
  • Commercial driver testing and licensing
  • Drunk driving limits and enforcement
  • Speed limits and speed limit enforcement
  • Standardization of traffic control devices
  • Improvement of roadway geometric designs
  • Managing direct access to land from arterial roads
  • Aircraft safety regulation and inspection
  • Post-crash investigations and analysis of crash
  • Camera enforcement of speed and red light running
  • Road condition and weather
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Some Mitigation Strategies Reduce the Consequences of Crashes

A
  • Wider roadway clear zones
  • Ditch slope standards
  • Improved roadway medians
  • Crash testing of vehicles and roadside hardware
  • Automobile safety feature requirements (e.g., seat belts, air bags, tire grading, stability control)
  • Flammability standards for materials used in aircraft cabins and inside automobiles
  • Improved guard rails and breakaway posts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Emergency Response Strategies

A
  • Improved crash fire and rescue capabilities at airports
  • Training and certification of emergency medical technicians
  • Video surveillance of high crash locations
  • Pre-positioning of emergency response vehicles
  • Mayday systems on motor vehicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

THE FUNDAMENTAL ECONOMICS OF SAFETY

A

In terms of traditional economic models, safety is most likely an important part of both the demand and supply functions. The possibility of loss, injury and death presumably enters travel demand and mode choice decisions, albeit that the profession is still hard pressed to quantify the exact magnitude of the relationship.
Safety also pays a large (if somewhat ill-defined) part of the costs of transportation. The cost of automobiles is inflated by the inclusion of many types of safety-related design features. Commercial transportation providers invest in higher quality equipment and staff training to reduce the probability of mishaps.
At some level, safety can be regarded as “quality” attribute of transportation, and economists can ask the usual question concerning “how much quality should be provided?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

safety

A

important part of both the demand and supply functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Safety

A

pays a large (if somewhat ill-defined) part of the costs of transportation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Commercial transportation providers

A

invest in higher quality equipment and staff training to reduce the probability of mishaps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

safety

A

can be regarded as “quality” attribute of transportation, and economists can ask the usual question concerning “how much quality should be provided?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION

A

Because of its intensive use of infrastructures, the transport sector is an important component of the economy and a common tool used for development. High-density transport infrastructure and highly connected networks are commonly associated with high levels of development. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive multiplier effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment, and additional investments. When transport systems are deficient in terms of capacity or reliability, they can have an economic cost such as reduced or missed opportunities and lower quality of life.
The impacts of transportation are not always intended and can have unforeseen or unintended consequences. For instance, congestion is often an unintended consequence in the provision of free or low-cost transport infrastructure to the users. However, congestion is also an indication of a growing economy where capacity and infrastructure have difficulties keeping up with the rising mobility demands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

transport sector

A

Because of its intensive use of infrastructures, the _____ is an important component of the economy and a common tool used for development.

18
Q

High levels of development

A

High-density transport infrastructure and highly connected networks are commonly associated with _____

19
Q

efficient

A

When transport systems are _____, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive multiplier effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment, and additional investments.

20
Q

deficient

A

When transport systems are _____ in terms of capacity or reliability, they can have an economic cost such as reduced or missed opportunities and lower quality of life.

21
Q

impacts of transportation

A

not always intended and can have unforeseen or unintended consequences. For instance, congestion is often an unintended consequence in the provision of free or low-cost transport infrastructure to the users. However, congestion is also an indication of a growing economy where capacity and infrastructure have difficulties keeping up with the rising mobility demands.

22
Q

congestion

A

is also an indication of a growing economy where capacity and infrastructure have difficulties keeping up with the rising mobility demands.

23
Q

Types of Impacts of Mitigation

A

CORE
OPERATIONAL
GEOGRAPHICAL

24
Q

CORE

A

The most fundamental impacts of transportation-related to the physical capacity to convey passengers and goods and the associated costs to support this mobility. This involves the setting of routes enabling new or existing interactions between economic entities.

25
Q

Operational

A

Improvement in the time performance, notably in terms of reliability, as well as reduced loss or damage. This implies a better utilization level of existing transportation assets benefiting its users as passengers and freight are conveyed more rapidly and with fewer delays.

26
Q

Geographical

A

Access to a broader market base where economies of scale in production, distribution, and consumption can be improved. Increases in productivity from the access to a larger and more diverse base of inputs (raw materials, parts, energy or labor) and broader markets for diverse outputs (intermediate and finished goods). Another important geographical impact concerns the influence of transport on the location of activities and its impacts on land values.

27
Q

Macroeconomic level

A

(the importance of transportation for a whole economy) - transportation and the mobility it confers are linked to a level of output, employment, and income within a national economy.

28
Q

Microeconomic level

A

(the importance of transportation for specific parts of the economy) - transportation is linked to producer, consumer, and distribution costs. The importance of specific transport activities and infrastructure can thus be assessed for each sector of the economy.

29
Q

Transport investments

A

tend to have declining marginal returns (diminishing returns).

30
Q

infrastructure investments

A

tend to have a high return since they provide an entirely new range of mobility options, the more the system is developed, the more likely additional investment would result in lower returns.

31
Q

most common reasons for the declining marginal return of transport investments

A
  • High accumulation of existing infrastructure
  • Economic changes
  • Clustering
32
Q

two significant markets

A

COMMODITY MARKET
LABOR MARKET

33
Q

COMMODITY MARKET

A

Improvement in the efficiency with which firms have access to raw materials and parts as well as to their respective customers. Thus, transportation expands opportunities to acquire and sell a variety of commodities necessary for industrial and manufacturing systems.

34
Q

LABOR MARKET

A

Improvement in access to labor and a reduction in access costs, mainly by improved commuting (local scale) or the use of lower-cost labor (global scale).

35
Q

major impacts of transport on economic factors

A
  • Geographic specialization
  • Scale and scope of production
  • Increased competition
  • Increased land value
36
Q

Transport policy

A

tries to make decisions concerning the allocation of transport resources while transport planning is their effective implementation.

37
Q

Transport policy

A

deals with developing a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve specific objectives.

38
Q

Transport planning

A

deals with the preparation and implementation of actions designed to address specific problems.

39
Q

Public policy

A

the means by which governments attempt to reconcile social, political, economic, and environmental goals and aspirations with reality. These goals and expectations change as the society evolves, and thus a feature of policy is its changing form and character. Policy tends to be dynamic and evolutionary.

40
Q

The Relevance of Transport Policy

A
  1. Globalization increased interactions at the international level, both for freight and passengers.
  2. Deregulation and privatization enabled the transfer of ownership and operation of many transport modes to the private sector and favored the entry of new actors. This was particularly the case in the airline industry.
  3. A broader focus of policies enabled better coordination of investments, improving the efficiency of interconnected transportation networks and the related supply chains.
  4. A move toward social and political issues behind transport projects instead of technical and engineering issues. The policy process is becoming more responsive to public concerns over environmental externalities and social equity issues.
41
Q

Policy Instruments

A

4TH YEAR 1ST SEM (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions