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N5 Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the symbol for a cell

A

a long line and a short line at the top of a circuit

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2
Q

what is the symbol for a battery

A

3 or more cells

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3
Q

what is the symbol for a lamp

A

circle with a cross inside

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4
Q

symbol for an ammeter

A

circle with an A inside

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5
Q

symbol for a wire

A

a line

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6
Q

symbol for a resistor

A

rectangle with wire either side

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7
Q

symbol for fuse

A

rectangle with wire going all the way through

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8
Q

symbol for switch

A

a wire with circles on either side

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9
Q

symbol for variable resistor

A

rectangle with an arrow through it

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10
Q

symbol for voltmeter

A

circle with an V in it

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11
Q

how does voltage work in a series circuit

A

voltage adds up

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12
Q

how does current work in a series circuit

A

current is equal

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13
Q

how does voltage work in a parallel circuit

A

voltage is equal

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14
Q

how does current work in a parallel circuit

A

current adds up

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15
Q

symbol and unit for volts

A

V, v (volts)

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16
Q

symbol and unit for current

A

I, A (amps)

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17
Q

what is electrical charge measured in

A

Coulombs, C

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18
Q

what is the symbol for charge

A

Q

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19
Q

what is the charge for an electron

A

1.60 x 10-19 C

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20
Q

what is the formula for electrical current

A

I=Q
t

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21
Q

what does A.C stand for

A

alternating current

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22
Q

what is the definition of A.C

A

the current reverses direction back and forth

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23
Q

what does D.C stand for

A

Direct current

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24
Q

what is the definition of D.C

A

the current flows in 1 direction only

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25
Q

how does resistance work in a series circuit

A

resistance adds up

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26
Q

how does resistance work in a parallel circuit

A

1 = 1 + 1
Rt R1 R2

27
Q

what is the unit for resistance

A

Ohmes

28
Q

symbol for resistance

A

R

29
Q

what is ohms law

A

V=IR

30
Q

what is the purpose of a fuse

A

to protect against a too large current

31
Q

what are the 2 rules of fuses

A
  1. power < 720w, use a 3A fuse
    power> 720w, use a 13A fuse
  2. choose a fuse with the next size up in current
32
Q

what are the 4 formulae for electrical power

A

P=E/t
P=I2 R
P=IV
P=V2/R

33
Q

what is voltage

A

work done per unit of charge

34
Q

what is current

A

amount of charge transferred per unit of time

35
Q

can energy be ccreated or destroyed

A

no!

36
Q

how to calculate energy efficiency

A

useful energy in x 100
total energy in

37
Q

how to calculate resistance from a graph

A

y=mx+c
v=mI+o
V=RI
gradient= R

R=y2-y1/x2-x1
= 5.00-2.00/0.049x10-3 - 0.019x10-3
=3.00/3x10-5
=100,000 ‘Ohmes’

38
Q

Symbol for Ohmmeter

A

Circle with ohm symbol inside

39
Q

Symbol for motor

A

Circle with M inside

40
Q

Symbol for LED

A

Triangle with a short line on pointy end and to arrows pointing out of it

41
Q

What side of the LED is positive

A

Positive side is the large side of the triangle, negative is the side with the vertical line

42
Q

Symbol for microphone

A

Circle with vertical line and 2 horizontal lines

43
Q

Symbol for loudspeaker

A

Small rectangle connecting to square connecting to triangle

44
Q

Symbol for photovoltaic cell

A

Thin tall vertical line next to small thick rectangle with arrows pointing inwards

45
Q

Symbol for diode

A

Triangle connected to vertical line

46
Q

Symbol for capacitor

A

Two thin vertical lines next to each other

47
Q

Symbol for LDR

A

resistor with 2 arrows pointing inwards

48
Q

Symbol for NPN transistor

A

Wire connected to vertical line which connects to diagonal line, the lower one with an arrow, that each connect to a wire

49
Q

Symbol for thermistor

A

A resistor with a a horizontal then diagonal line through it

50
Q

Symbol for relay

A

Rectangle connected with vertical line and an open switch next to it

51
Q

Symbol for MOSFET transistor

A

Vertical line on the left of 3 horizontal lines, the middle one with and arrow

52
Q

Is an ammeter in series or parallel

A

Series

53
Q

Is a voltmeter in series or parallel

A

Parallel

54
Q

How do you put diodes into a circuit

A

The positive side of the diode must be facing the positive side of the cell/ battery
——➕——➕🔺|➖——

55
Q

What must be in series with an LED

A

A resistor to protect from a too high current

56
Q

What does a graph of an LED look like

A

A smooth curve that does not cross the x- axis because the current flows in 1 direction

57
Q

How does an LDR work

A

As the light intensity increases, the resistance decreases (LURD)

58
Q

What does the graph of an LDR look like

A

Smooth decreasing curve with resistance in y-axis and light level in x-axis because the resistance decreased

59
Q

How does a thermistor work

A

As temperature increases, resistance decreases (TURD)

60
Q

How do field lines work

A

The electron travels from the positive side to the negative side, the lines never cross

61
Q

What is a transistor

A

Electronic switches that are controlled by the voltage across them

62
Q

How does an NPN transistor work, what must the voltage of the base be

A

When base is >0.7V, the transistor is on.
Current flows from the emitter to the collector

63
Q

How does a MOSFET work, what must the voltage in the gate be

A

When voltage >2.0V current will flow around the circuit

64
Q

Why is DC used in power transmission

A

High voltage DC is used to transfer electrical energy through power lines as it it much more efficient (less wasted energy to heat) than AC

N5 Physics (6 decks)

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