Chapter 1 Part A: The Human Body -An Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of bodily structures (what it is)

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2
Q

Gross/macroscopic anatomy

A

The study of large, visible structures

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3
Q

Regional (gross anatomy)

A

Looks at all structures in a particular area of the body

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4
Q

System (gross anatomy)

A

Looks at just one system

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5
Q

Surface (gross anatomy)

A

Looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin

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6
Q

Microscopic

A

Deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye

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7
Q

Cytology (microscopic anatomy)

A

Microscopic study of cells

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8
Q

Histology (microscopic anatomy)

A

Microscopic study of tissues

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9
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Studies anatomical & physiological development throughout life

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10
Q

Embryology (developmental anatomy)

A

Study of developments before birth

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11
Q

Principle of Complementarity of Structure and function

A

-function always reflects structure
-what a structure can do depends on its specific form

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12
Q

What is the first level of structural organization?

A

Chemical level

atoms, molecules and organelles

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13
Q

What is the second level of structural organization?

A

Cellular level

single cell

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14
Q

What is the third level of structural organization?

A

Tissue level

group of similar cells

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15
Q

What is the fourth level of structural organization?

A

Organ level

2 or more types of tissues

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16
Q

What is the fifth level of structural organization?

A

Organ System level

2 or more organs

17
Q

What is the last level of structural organization?

A

Organismal

all the organ systems combined

18
Q

what is homeostasis?

Homeostasis

A
  • maintainence of relatively stable internal conditions depsite contiunous changes in the environment
  • maintained by the contribution of all organ systems
  • dynamic state of equilibrium
  • affected by variables(ex. blood sugar)

nervous and endocrine systems play a MAJOR role

19
Q

Factors involved in homeostasis

Receptor(sensor)

A
  • monitors the environment
  • responds to stimuli(causes changes in controlled variables)
20
Q

Factors involved in homeostasis

Control Center

A
  • determines the set point(which the variable is maintained)
  • receives input from receptor–> appropriate response
21
Q

Factors involved in homeostasis

Effector

A
  • recieves output from control center
  • provides means to respond
  • response enhances/reduces stimulus
22
Q

What is reducing stimulus?

Negative Feedback

most used feedback mechanism in the body

A
  • variable changes in the opposite direction of intial change
  • ex: body temp
23
Q

what is enhancing stimulus

Positive Feedback

A
  • cascade effect: variable continues in the same direction of initial change
  • ex: labor contractions(oxytocin), blood clotting