Chapter 1 Part A: The Human Body -An Orientation

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of bodily structures (what it is)

Question 2

Gross/macroscopic anatomy

Answer 2

The study of large, visible structures

Question 3

Regional (gross anatomy)

Answer 3

Looks at all structures in a particular area of the body

Question 4

System (gross anatomy)

Answer 4

Looks at just one system

Question 5

Surface (gross anatomy)

Answer 5

Looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin

Question 6

Microscopic

Answer 6

Deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye

Question 7

Cytology (microscopic anatomy)

Answer 7

Microscopic study of cells

Question 8

Histology (microscopic anatomy)

Answer 8

Microscopic study of tissues

Question 9

Developmental anatomy

Answer 9

Studies anatomical & physiological development throughout life

Question 10

Embryology (developmental anatomy)

Answer 10

Study of developments before birth

Question 11

Principle of Complementarity of Structure and function

Answer 11

-function always reflects structure
-what a structure can do depends on its specific form

Question 12

What is the first level of structural organization?

Answer 12

Chemical level

atoms, molecules and organelles

Question 13

What is the second level of structural organization?

Answer 13

Cellular level

single cell

Question 14

What is the third level of structural organization?

Answer 14

Tissue level

group of similar cells

Question 15

What is the fourth level of structural organization?

Answer 15

Organ level

2 or more types of tissues

Question 16

What is the fifth level of structural organization?

Answer 16

Organ System level

2 or more organs

Question 17

What is the last level of structural organization?

Answer 17

Organismal

all the organ systems combined

Question 18

what is homeostasis?

Homeostasis

Answer 18

• maintainence of relatively stable internal conditions depsite contiunous changes in the environment
• maintained by the contribution of all organ systems
• dynamic state of equilibrium
• affected by variables(ex. blood sugar)

nervous and endocrine systems play a MAJOR role

Question 19

Factors involved in homeostasis

Receptor(sensor)

Answer 19

• monitors the environment
• responds to stimuli(causes changes in controlled variables)

Question 20

Factors involved in homeostasis

Control Center

Answer 20

• determines the set point(which the variable is maintained)
• receives input from receptor–> appropriate response

Question 21

Factors involved in homeostasis

Effector

Answer 21

• recieves output from control center
• provides means to respond
• response enhances/reduces stimulus

Question 22

What is reducing stimulus?

Negative Feedback

most used feedback mechanism in the body

Answer 22

• variable changes in the opposite direction of intial change
• ex: body temp

Question 23

what is enhancing stimulus

Positive Feedback

Answer 23

• cascade effect: variable continues in the same direction of initial change
• ex: labor contractions(oxytocin), blood clotting