Start of Tsar Nicholas II reign Flashcards
Russian Revolution
When was he coronated
1896, but came to power 1894.
Tsar influenced by…
His tutor Pobedonostev (architect of Russification). believed democracy-) collapse of Russian empire= fundamental belief of autocracy.
Russification
severely enforced policy of restricting the influence of non- Russian national minorities by emphasizing the superiority of all things Russian.
Chief target of Russification
Jews ie over 600 new measures intoduced to restrict them.
Response of Russification
opposition became more organised ie growth in no. of political parties. + emergence of revolutionary groups eg 1897 Bund formed (jewish socialists)
Tsarina Alexandra
beliefs= tsar should keep power, argued against constitutional monarchy.
influence of beliefs= urger n (tsar) to assert his autocratic will at kill moments
shy BUT stong willed and obstinate
Coronation of Tsar N II
26th may 1896-) Khodynka tragedy = approx 100,00 attend coronation and 1, 389 died. french gala planned for that night, n wanted to stay home and pray for lives lost BUT foced to go -) n seen as frivolous + uncaring
Sergei Witte
finance minister 1893-1903, PM until 1906
What did Witte believe
drive modernization of economy via industrialization thought r need state cap.
Wittes policies
forign ecpets and worker invited to advise, increased investment by negotiating loand+ investment from abroad, increased tax, limit imports via increase tarrifs, investend in railways= springboard. = ALL THIS DESCRIBE AS GREAT SPURT
Results of Great spurt on heavy industry
investment in 1890 was 60 mill in 1900 it was 430 mill= increase of 616%
Results of Great spurt on railway
amount track incrased by 46%
Results of Great spurt on foriegn investment
increased from 2.5 mil roubles in 1893 to 13 mill in 1898 ansd 2.2 bill in 1913
Results of Great spurt on encouraging tehnical education
1894= 8 tech schools and 1904= 100 +
literacy rate rose from 20% in 1890 to 38% in 1914
Overall result of great spurt
r GDP growth was 96.8% btw 1898 + 1913 compared to 40% Britain, 84.2% Germany