Start of Tsar Nicholas II reign Flashcards

Russian Revolution

1
Q

When was he coronated

A

1896, but came to power 1894.

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2
Q

Tsar influenced by…

A

His tutor Pobedonostev (architect of Russification). believed democracy-) collapse of Russian empire= fundamental belief of autocracy.

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3
Q

Russification

A

severely enforced policy of restricting the influence of non- Russian national minorities by emphasizing the superiority of all things Russian.

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4
Q

Chief target of Russification

A

Jews ie over 600 new measures intoduced to restrict them.

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5
Q

Response of Russification

A

opposition became more organised ie growth in no. of political parties. + emergence of revolutionary groups eg 1897 Bund formed (jewish socialists)

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6
Q

Tsarina Alexandra

A

beliefs= tsar should keep power, argued against constitutional monarchy.
influence of beliefs= urger n (tsar) to assert his autocratic will at kill moments
shy BUT stong willed and obstinate

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7
Q

Coronation of Tsar N II

A

26th may 1896-) Khodynka tragedy = approx 100,00 attend coronation and 1, 389 died. french gala planned for that night, n wanted to stay home and pray for lives lost BUT foced to go -) n seen as frivolous + uncaring

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8
Q

Sergei Witte

A

finance minister 1893-1903, PM until 1906

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9
Q

What did Witte believe

A

drive modernization of economy via industrialization thought r need state cap.

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10
Q

Wittes policies

A

forign ecpets and worker invited to advise, increased investment by negotiating loand+ investment from abroad, increased tax, limit imports via increase tarrifs, investend in railways= springboard. = ALL THIS DESCRIBE AS GREAT SPURT

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11
Q

Results of Great spurt on heavy industry

A

investment in 1890 was 60 mill in 1900 it was 430 mill= increase of 616%

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12
Q

Results of Great spurt on railway

A

amount track incrased by 46%

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13
Q

Results of Great spurt on foriegn investment

A

increased from 2.5 mil roubles in 1893 to 13 mill in 1898 ansd 2.2 bill in 1913

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14
Q

Results of Great spurt on encouraging tehnical education

A

1894= 8 tech schools and 1904= 100 +
literacy rate rose from 20% in 1890 to 38% in 1914

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15
Q

Overall result of great spurt

A

r GDP growth was 96.8% btw 1898 + 1913 compared to 40% Britain, 84.2% Germany

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16
Q

Industrial Progress- in Millions of tons for pig iron

A

increased 785%

17
Q

Problems with wittes reforms

A

30% investment came from abroad- made r dep with high levels foriegn debt . concumption levels dropped 25, half r exports grain despite famines, international recession hit 1900- 1906 in 1902 2000 bus closed all this = peasants annoyed

18
Q

Consequences with wittes reforms

A

increase in strikes bc raised expectations not met= in 1893 19 strikes sup via milit compared to 1902 with 522 suppressed.
1908-1914 inflation was 40%