Start of Tsar Nicholas II reign

Question 1

When was he coronated

Answer 1

1896, but came to power 1894.

Question 2

Tsar influenced by…

Answer 2

His tutor Pobedonostev (architect of Russification). believed democracy-) collapse of Russian empire= fundamental belief of autocracy.

Question 3

Russification

Answer 3

severely enforced policy of restricting the influence of non- Russian national minorities by emphasizing the superiority of all things Russian.

Question 4

Chief target of Russification

Answer 4

Jews ie over 600 new measures intoduced to restrict them.

Question 5

Response of Russification

Answer 5

opposition became more organised ie growth in no. of political parties. + emergence of revolutionary groups eg 1897 Bund formed (jewish socialists)

Question 6

Tsarina Alexandra

Answer 6

beliefs= tsar should keep power, argued against constitutional monarchy.
influence of beliefs= urger n (tsar) to assert his autocratic will at kill moments
shy BUT stong willed and obstinate

Question 7

Coronation of Tsar N II

Answer 7

26th may 1896-) Khodynka tragedy = approx 100,00 attend coronation and 1, 389 died. french gala planned for that night, n wanted to stay home and pray for lives lost BUT foced to go -) n seen as frivolous + uncaring

Question 8

Sergei Witte

Answer 8

finance minister 1893-1903, PM until 1906

Question 9

What did Witte believe

Answer 9

drive modernization of economy via industrialization thought r need state cap.

Question 10

Wittes policies

Answer 10

forign ecpets and worker invited to advise, increased investment by negotiating loand+ investment from abroad, increased tax, limit imports via increase tarrifs, investend in railways= springboard. = ALL THIS DESCRIBE AS GREAT SPURT

Question 11

Results of Great spurt on heavy industry

Answer 11

investment in 1890 was 60 mill in 1900 it was 430 mill= increase of 616%

Question 12

Results of Great spurt on railway

Answer 12

amount track incrased by 46%

Question 13

Results of Great spurt on foriegn investment

Answer 13

increased from 2.5 mil roubles in 1893 to 13 mill in 1898 ansd 2.2 bill in 1913

Question 14

Results of Great spurt on encouraging tehnical education

Answer 14

1894= 8 tech schools and 1904= 100 +
literacy rate rose from 20% in 1890 to 38% in 1914

Question 15

Overall result of great spurt

Answer 15

r GDP growth was 96.8% btw 1898 + 1913 compared to 40% Britain, 84.2% Germany

Question 16

Industrial Progress- in Millions of tons for pig iron

Answer 16

increased 785%

Question 17

Problems with wittes reforms

Answer 17

30% investment came from abroad- made r dep with high levels foriegn debt . concumption levels dropped 25, half r exports grain despite famines, international recession hit 1900- 1906 in 1902 2000 bus closed all this = peasants annoyed

Question 18

Consequences with wittes reforms

Answer 18

increase in strikes bc raised expectations not met= in 1893 19 strikes sup via milit compared to 1902 with 522 suppressed.
1908-1914 inflation was 40%