7. Globalisation and Crime - 2. Green Crime

Question 1

Green crimes

Answer 1

Crimes that cause damage or harm to the environment

Question 2

Who is effected by green crimes?

Answer 2

The planet is a single ecosystem so therefore the effects of green crimes aren’t restricted to a single location or natural boundary

Question 3

Who developed the concept of environmental refugees and what does it mean?

Answer 3

Abbot. Rising temperatures and sea levels could lead to an increase in conflict and tension within/between countries over environmental resources. This could cause climate-induced migration of people (environmental refugees)

Question 4

Traditional criminology approach to green crime

Answer 4

Places environmental/green crimes with a legal definition (an act that breaks the law)

Question 5

How does traditional criminologists define green crime

Answer 5

Green crimes are crimes that break national or international laws and are therefore subject to prosecution

Question 6

Why do traditional criminologists believe that green crimes should have a clear legal definition?

Answer 6

A clear definition of green crime makes it easier for the CJS to prosecute those who commit such crimes

Question 7

What other type of criminology rejects the traditional criminology definition of green crime?

Answer 7

Green criminology

Question 8

Green criminology definition of green crime

Answer 8

A green crime is one that brings about harm to the environment, regardless of whether it breaks laws or not

Question 9

What approach do green criminologists take?

Answer 9

An eco-centric approach, emphasising the interdependence of humans with the environment

Question 10

Who developed the global risk society theoretical approach to green crime?

Answer 10

Beck

Question 11

Beck’s global risk society

Answer 11

New technologies have given rise to ‘manufactured risks’ (E.g. nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, global warming and pollution), which generate new dangers across the world

Question 12

What is a part of the ‘manufactured risks’ according to Beck?

Answer 12

The emergence of green crimes are a part of these new risks, bringing new patterns of crime which can bring new consequences that we cannot easily predict/control

Question 13

2 people that talk about capitalism and green crime

Answer 13

Lynch
South

Question 14

What are green crimes mainly caused by according to Lynch?

Answer 14

Green crimes are mainly caused by capitalist ideology - prioritisation of economic interest over environmental protection

Question 15

How does South explain green crime?

Answer 15

South uses the term ‘corporate colonisation of nature’, meaning nature is exploited by corporations for profit

Question 16

2 ways in which nature is exploited by corporations for profit according to South

Answer 16

Bio-piracy: companies take, steel, exploit or control the knowledge, plants or animals of indigenous people for commercial development
Corporate engineering of nature (E.g. genetically modifying crops, building of damns and mining)

Question 17

What do radical criminologists say about green crime?

Answer 17

Some companies deliberately locate their plants in countries where health and safety laws are much weaker, which leads to the exploitation of the poor