Atoms ions 2

Question 1

Ionisation energy

Answer 1

the energy required to remove electrons from an atom

Question 2

2,8,18,32(s,p,d,f) model means?

Answer 2

The 1st shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 2 electrons.

The 2nd shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 8 electrons.

The 3rd shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 8 electrons.

The 4th shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 2 electrons.

Question 3

Cations

Answer 3

positively charged ions.

Question 4

Anions

Answer 4

Anions are negatively charged ions.

Question 5

when do anions form

Answer 5

when non-metal gains the electrons.

Question 6

Q
when do cations form

Answer 6

when an electron is lost from the last shell of the atom

Question 7

electron configruation of a sodium atom

Answer 7

2,8,1

Question 8

4 laws ofthe BOHR model

Answer 8

1.Electrons in an atom orbit around the nucleus in circular orbits.

2.The energy of the orbit is related to its size….

3.The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit

4.Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.2

Question 9

Why do we use energy to remove electrons

Answer 9

Energy is required to remove an electron from atom to overcome this attractive force that holds together the electrons together

Question 10

Why do electrons stay around the atom in orbits instead of floating around-

Answer 10

Electrons are attracted towards the protons due to their electromagnetic opposite forces, therefore the electrons are placed in theirorbits.

Question 11

compare the amount of ionisationenergy required toremove electrons between the 1st and 3rd shell

Answer 11

firstshellis closer tothe nucleus of the atom therfore thereis more attraction between the electrons in 1st shell and nucleus making it harder to remove the shell=more ionisation energy required and vice versa for 3rd shell!

Question 12

Schrodinger model(cloud model)

Answer 12

electronsexistas waves not ahrd particels

electronsexistas hard particles in theBOHR model, whereasthis

Question 13

BOHR model vs Schrodinger model.

Answer 13

electronsexistas hard particles in theBOHR model, whereas Schrodinger model disgaress and says elcectrons exist as wave like forms

Question 14

BOHR model vs Schrodinger model. WHAT is more precise

Answer 14

Schrodginer model is more precise in terms of its understanding of atoms because it explains that atoms exist as a 3 dimensinaol and each shell has subshelles with different energy-more infromation than bohr model

Question 15

Divisions of Schrodinger model

Answer 15

1.atoms
2.shells
3.subshells
4.orbitals
5.electrons

Question 16

Isotopses

Answer 16

atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons

Question 17

deuterium

Answer 17

an isotope of the element hydrogen with a nucleus consisting of one proton and one neutron

Question 18

What does the period number represent

Answer 18

how many electrons the shell has

Question 19

how are isotpes differnece

Answer 19

massand densiitychnage bcof number ofneutrons canges

Question 20

isotopes exampes

Answer 20

carbon,chllorine,uranium,

Question 21

what does the group number represent

Answer 21

how many electrons are in the valence shell

Question 22

Why do electrons that are further away from the nucleus require more energy to stay om the subshell ;

Answer 22

electrons further away from the nucleus have less of an attractive force between the electrons in the shells and protons in the nucleus

Question 23

electrons in the same shell are

Answer 23

1.Are about the same distance from the nucleus
2. Have about the same energy levels

Question 24

orbital

Answer 24

specific region of a sublevel containing a maximum of 2 electrons

Question 25

electrons in atoms are arranged as

Answer 25

shells, subshells and orbitals

Question 26

Orbital

Answer 26

a specific region of a subshelll containing a max of 2 electrons

Question 27

How many orbitals in each susbhell

Answer 27

note:
s subshell has 1 orbital
d subshell has 5 orbitals
p subshell has 3 orbitals
f subshell has 7 orbitals

Question 28

How many electrons in every subshell

Answer 28

subshell s has 2 electrons and 1 orbital

subshell p has 6 electrons and 3 orbitals

subshell d has 10 electrons and 5 orbitals

subshell f has 14 electrons and 7 subshells

Question 29

What is the periodic table and how are elements listed in the periodic table

Answer 29

The periodic table is a way of listing elements

Elements are listed in the periodic table by the structure of their atoms(how many protons in the nucleus, electrons in the orbits and atomic number)

Question 30

why do non metallic elemetns undergoe chemical reactiosn

Answer 30

to gain electrons and form a stable octet rule

Question 31

The more easily a non-metal can attract or share electrons

Answer 31

the more reactive that nonmetal is

Question 32

Elements that have fewer e- shells and higher core charges will have a

Answer 32

greater attractive force between the nucleus and valence electrons, therefore being more reactive.

Question 33

the reactivity of non-metals

Answer 33

Decrease down a group as it’s harder for non-metal atoms to attract e- into its valence shell with a greater number of shells.

Increases across a period as the increasing core charge makes it easier for a non-metallic atom to attract e-

Question 34

how are electrons held in the cloudaround the nucleus

Answer 34

electrond are held in the cloud around the nucleus in orbitals due to the electromengnetic force between the protons and the electrons.

Question 35

explain how the emission spectra provides evidenceforelectron shell in bohr model

Answer 35

the emission spectra states that each differnet enegery level releaess a differnet colour which supporst the bohr models theroy that energy levels are quantized.

Question 36

differnec between BOHR nad schrondinger model IN TERMS OF ENERGY LEVELS.

Answer 36

Bohr model states that electrns are orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels, whilst the shocridnger model states that electorns orbit the nucleus in orbitals WITHIN enegry levels.