Science

Question 1

What is the study of cause and effect and what research method uses this feature

Answer 1

-manipulating one variable in order to see its effect on another variable

• experiments

Question 2

What is control and standardisation and what research method uses this

Answer 2

-make sure that all extraneous variables are controlled and that you always use the same procedure

• all of them

Question 3

What is quantifiable measurements and what researcher methods use this

Answer 3

Ways or measuring info in numerical form

All of them

Question 4

What is hypothesis testing and what research method uses this

Answer 4

You develop an hypothesis from theories and then you test the hypothesis

Correlation and experiments

Question 5

What is manipulation of variables and what research method uses this

Answer 5

The uses of independent variables

Experiments

Question 6

What is falsification and what research methods uses this

Answer 6

Using evidence to test if a hypothesis is true or false

Experiment and correlations

Question 7

What is replicability and what research methods use this

Answer 7

The extent to which the study can be repeated to test the reliability of results

All of them ( observations only uses it sometimes )

Question 8

What is objectivity and what research methods use this

Answer 8

Taking an unbiased external perspective

All use this apart from participant observations

Question 9

What is science

Answer 9

A system of obtaining knowledge, general truths, principles and laws which are then tested using the scientific method.

Question 10

What is INDUCTION and what research methods use this

Answer 10

It’s a scientific method that uses observations first to generate testable hypothesis which are then developed into theories

Observations and experiments

Question 11

What is DEDUCTION and what research methods uses this

Answer 11

It’s a scientific method that developed hypotheses from theories and then tests the hypotheses. It’s vital that all hypothesis are testable. This is known as falsification.

Experiments and correlations

Question 12

What is popper’s theory of scentific progress

Answer 12

The current theory exists but over time flaws begin to occur ——> researcher wanting to test the theory developes a hypothesis that addresses the flaws in the current theory ——> researcher then devices a study to test the hypothesis ——> once research is conducted results are analysed and evaluated to determine whether they support the hypothesis ——>on the bias of this analysis and evaluation the theory is supported or refuted ——> once the current theory has been repeatedly refuted a new theory is developed and the process begins again

Question 13

What is empirical evidence

Answer 13

This is when you collect primary data and try to be as objective as possible. Also being systematic and having a controlled manner
By adopting an empirical approach reduces the opportunity for research’s to make false claims

Question 14

What are the advantages of being scentific

Answer 14

Adds credibility to psychology’s claim to be a scientific discipline. This may enhance the reputation of the subject and lead to more funding for psychological research.

Question 15

What is a disadvantage of being scientific

Answer 15

Studying cause and effect requires controlled conditions so lack ecological validity. Any scientifically obtained results may not be generalisable to behaviour in natural settings

Question 16

What are the advantages of being less scientific

Answer 16

+ allows for the gathering of subjective data as we can ask for opinions and attitudes as we gain insight into the reasons why behaviours occur
+research can be done in a setting that’s ecologically valid as we can make use of naturally occurring situations/ circumstances

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of being less scientific

Answer 17

-findings may not be valid if collect through bias or subjective methods
-psychology may be seen as less credible if less scientific methods are used. This means less funding/research if the reputation is less credible than other scentific disciplines

Question 18

If you want extra practice at this look at each research method and identify the things that make is scientific and not scentific

Answer 18

Answers in the back for science booklet