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HSS2105: understanding mental health > chapter 3: Mental Health Examined through the Social Sciences > Flashcards

chapter 3: Mental Health Examined through the Social Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

What are two theories of individual and group behaviour we will be looking at?

A
  1. Depth psychology
  2. Behaviourism
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2
Q

What 3 theories are talked about in Depth psychology?

A
  1. psychoanalysis –> Sigmund Freud
  2. Inferiority Complex –> Alfred Adler
  3. Collective Unconscious –> Carl Jung
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3
Q

What was Psychoanalysis?

A
  • understanding human behaviour by looking into the UNCONSCIOUS MIND
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4
Q

What two aspects of the mind are in constant conflict according to Freud?

A
  1. “id”
  2. “superego”
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5
Q

What is the “id”?

A
  • natural/innate response
  • instinct (sex drive, aggression)
    -in the unconcious mind
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6
Q

what is the superego?

A
  • inner representation of societal norms and culutral conventions
  • shaped by social and family environment
    in all levels of consciousness
    -MORALS
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7
Q

What did freud compare the mind to?

A

an iceberg

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8
Q

what mediates the id and the superego and reality?

A

the ego –> conscious mind

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9
Q

according to freud, if you resolved conflict by repressing unacceptable drive and were unaware of it because it occurred in the unconscious mind, what could this lead to?

A

depression and anxiety

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10
Q

What is the Inferiority complex?

A
  • only one side of a two sided coin (other side is superiortiy complex)
  • how social strucutres may cause us to feel helpless or powerless
  • ex: low self esteem, shy, self-critical
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11
Q

DO we as humans strive to overcome inferiority complex by increasing our sense of self-esteem?

A

YES

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12
Q

What is Carl Jung’s Collective Unconscious?

A
  • shows how we all share a deep level of our mind
  • had these “archetypes” to explain personality = mythological designs
  • ex: magician = power, explorer=freedom, jester=enjoyment , lover=intimacy, hero= mastery
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13
Q

What is the goal of behaviour therapy?

A

identify how people with mental health problems learned maldaptive responses to their environment

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14
Q

What are two theories looked at in behaviour therapy?

A
  1. Classic conditioning –> pavlov
  2. Operant/Instrumental Conditioning –> skinner
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15
Q

What is Classical Conditioning?

A
  • learning responses that involve association between environmental stimulus and naturally occurring stimulus
  • had to do with the dogs and salvating at food and then creating a conditioned response to a bell ringing causing the dog to start to salavate as it associated the bell (neutral stimulus turned conditioned) with receiving food
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16
Q

What is Operant/Instrumental conditioning?

A
  • consists of rewards and punishments in terms of behaviour
  • can either increase or decrease the frequency of behaviour
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17
Q

What are the 4 conditons of operant/instrumental conditioning?

A
  1. positive reinforcement
  2. negative reinforcement
  3. positive punishment
  4. negative punishment
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18
Q

What is the difference between positive and neative reinforcement

A

positive = stimulus is added to increase behaviour (ex: give money to clean their room increases this behaviour)

negative = stimulus is removed to increase behaviour (ex: don’t have to work weekends increase the motivation to go to work)

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19
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?

A

positive = add stimulus (add something you hate) to decrease behaviour (ex: give homework )

negative = remove stimulus (remove something you love) to decrease behaviour (ex: take way weekends off)

20
Q

What is cognitive behavioural therapy?

A

focuses on asking “how do thoughts and cognitions relate to our behaviours?”

  • “go-to” model not from pharmaceutical model
21
Q

What is herd behaviour?

A

behaviour changes when people are in large groups or crowds –> tend to gravitate to what others do

  • the more people do it, the more technically appropriate it is

ex: helping others in distress

22
Q

What is known as “the madness of crowds”?

A

excited mobs have been known to act more violently or irrationally than any one individual member would –> herd behaviour!

23
Q

What is Erik Erikson known for?

A

“stages of psychosocial development”

  • all about identity development
  • go through 8 stages
  • failure to navigate each stage can result in an identity crisis –> mental health problems
24
Q

What are the 8 crises and basic virtues of the stages of psychosocial development according to Erikson? ( see slide 12)

A
  1. Trust vs mistrust –> hope
  2. autonomy vs shame –> will
  3. initiative vs guilt –> purpose
  4. industry vs inferiority –> competency
  5. identity vs role confusion –> fidelity
  6. intimacy vs isolation –> love
  7. generativity vs stagnation –> care
  8. ego integrity vs despair –> wisdom
25
Q

What is Lawerence Kohlberg known for?

A

stages of moral development
- 3 main stages, 6 sub stages
- develop the ability to reason out the moral aspects of a situation and make an appropriate ethical decision

26
Q

What are the 3 main stages of kohlberg’s moral development?

A
  1. pre-conventional
  2. conventional
  3. post-conventional
27
Q

See slide 13 for moral development table for Kohlberg

A
28
Q

What is the Systems Theory Model? What are the 3 dimensions to families?

A
  • shows how behaviour and development is influenced by FAMILIES!
    -describes families in 3 dimensions:
    1. cohesion
    2. flexibility
    3. communication
29
Q

What is the dimension of Cohesion in Systems Theory model?

A

degree of emotional bonding among family members

30
Q

What is the dimension of flexibility in Systems Theory model?

A

amount of change that is tolerated in the family’s leadership and relationship rules

31
Q

What is the dimension of communication in Systems Theory model?

A

listening skills, self-disclosure, clarity, respect

32
Q

What did Emily Durkheim propose in regards to society and mental health?

A

people living in societies undergoing a high degree of fragmentation (breaking down) experience anomie

33
Q

What is an anomie?

A

when social and or mental norms are confused, unclear or just absent
- lead to alienation or isolation due to lack of connectedness

34
Q

individuals with low levels of connections to social networks have poor health and higher mortality rates. true or false

A

true

35
Q

What is social constructionism?

A

-only subjective views
- conceptions of mental health is socially constructed and vary across societies –> ex: birth cohorts

36
Q

Can instability have a negative impact on a populations? if so, how?

A

YES
- ex: greece in an economic crisis in 2011 increased rates of suicide
- ex: refugees experiencing violence and social unease increase risk for volatile mental health problems
- ex: indigenous peoples and residential schools –> lead to a condition called “residential school syndrome”

36
Q

Your environment does not have an impact on your mental health. true or false

A

false –> IT DOES

37
Q

what are 12 social determinants of health?

A
  1. income including distribution
  2. housing
  3. education
  4. early life
  5. gender
  6. employment and working conditons
  7. unemployment and employment security
  8. aboriginal status
  9. social exclusion
  10. social safety net
  11. food security
  12. health care services
38
Q

many social determinants of health correlate and interact creating intersectionality. true or false

A

true

39
Q

poverty is strongly correlated with poor health but relationship is not linear. true or false

A

true

40
Q

The more money you have does not neccessairly mean you will be happier. Happiness does start to taper off after a certain point as money is seen as a luxury. true or flase

A

true

41
Q

additional welfare confers little advantage on health

A

tru

42
Q

What are the 9 elements of “gross national happiness”?

A
  1. living standards
  2. psycholsocial well-being
  3. health
  4. time use
  5. education
  6. cultural diversity and resilience
  7. good governance
  8. ecological diversity and resilience
  9. common vitality
43
Q

What is “gross national happiness”?

A
  • founded in buhtan
  • its used as opposed to Gross Domestic Product
  • measure the collective happiness and well-being of a population
44
Q

What is the typical characteristics (x5) of someone who is homeless based on highest statistics?

A
  1. 25-54 years old
  2. male
  3. have income assistance or on welfare
  4. have addiction issues
  5. subpopulation is usually indigenous
45
Q

Stable housing does not provide the safety needed for people to function day to day. true or false

A

false –>IT DOES

46
Q

What constitutes homelessness?

A

lack of regular, fixed, or adequate night time address

HSS2105: understanding mental health (12 decks)

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