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ISC2 Cyber Security > Domain 4 - Networking Security > Flashcards

Domain 4 - Networking Security Flashcards

1
Q

What is a simplex communication?

A

A one way communication. The direction cannot be changed.

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2
Q

What is a half-duplex connection?

A

it can only send or receive at a one time

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3
Q

What is a full-duplex connection?

A

It can send and receive simultaneously

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4
Q

What is a baseband connection?

A

It can only send one signal at a time

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5
Q

What is an Extranet?

A

A connection between private intranets

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6
Q

What is the downside of a circuit switching network?

A

Cost.. It always guarantees full bandwidth though.

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7
Q

What is a packet switching network?

A

Data is sent in packets but take multiple paths.

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8
Q

What is the UDP protocol best used for?

A

Close to real-time communication.

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9
Q

Does UDP care if the packets made it?

A

No. It is connectionless

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10
Q

What is a personal area network?

A

It is a network for devices that are close to the person.

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11
Q

What is a metropolitan area network?

A

It spans a large area like a city or campus?

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12
Q

What is a wide area network?

A

A network that covers large geographic areas like a city, country, or intercontinental distances.

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13
Q

What is a global area network?

A

A network that supports users across multiple wireless lans. Think cell phone network.

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14
Q

What is layer one of the OSI Model?

A

The physical layer.

Ethernet, Fibers, cables, radio waves, hubs, etc…

Networking topologies.

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15
Q

What is the least secure cable type?

A

Copper twisted pair. It is prone to eavesdropping and interference. Cheap though.

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16
Q

Is fiber optic cable prone to eavesdropping?

A

No. It is secure.

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17
Q

What are the threats at the physical layer?

A

Theft, eavesdropping, sniffing, interference.

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18
Q

What is layer two of the OSI model?

A

The data link layer.

Transports data between 2 nodes connected to the same network.

This is where MAC addresses live.

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19
Q

What are the threats at the data link layer?

A

Mac spoofing and flooding

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20
Q

How large are MAC addresses

A

48 or 64bit hexadecimal.

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21
Q

What is layer three of the OSI model?

A

The network layer. It expands to many different nodes.

Protocols like IPSEC, IP, IGMP, IKE, etc..

All protocols start with an “I” except IMAP which is layer 7.

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22
Q

What are the threats at the network level?

A

Ping of death, smurf, ip modifications, dhcp hacks.

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23
Q

What is layer four of the OSI model?

A

The transport layer. TCP and UDP

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24
Q

What are the threats at the transport layer?

A

Fraggle attacks. Syn floods

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25
Q

What does a three way TCP handshake look like?

A

SYN&raquo_space; SYN&raquo_space; ACK&raquo_space; ACK

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26
Q

What is layer five of the OSI model?

A

The session layer. A connection between two applications

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27
Q

What is layer six of the OSI model?

A

The presentation layer. No protocols.. Formatting, compressing, encryption.

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28
Q

What is layer seven of the OSI model?

A

The application layer. THis is where HTTP, FTP, IMAP, POP, etc.. kive.

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29
Q

What are the threats to layers five through seven?

A

Viruses, Worms, Trojans, etc…

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30
Q

What are the protocol data units (PDU) for layer 1?

A

Bits

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31
Q

What are the protocol data units (PDU) for layer 2?

A

Frames

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32
Q

What are the protocol data units (PDU) for layer 3?

A

Packets

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33
Q

What are the protocol data units (PDU) for layer 4?

A

Segments

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34
Q

What are the protocol data units (PDU) for layer 5?

A

Data

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35
Q

Where are network topologies stored in the OSI model?

A

The physical later, layer one.

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36
Q

What layer in the OSI model does encryption happen?

A

The presentation layer, layer six.

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37
Q

How many total layers are in the TCP / IP model and the names?

A

Four total layers.

Link and Physical ( OSI 1 and 2)

Internetwork layer (OSI 3)

Transport (OSI 4)

Application Layer (OSI 5,6,7)

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38
Q

Does IPv6 require 64 bit MAC addresses?

A

Yes

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39
Q

What are the first 24 bits of the MAC address

A

The manufacturer

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40
Q

Is IPv4 a connectionless protocol?

A

Yes.

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41
Q

What is the well known port range?

A

0 - 1023

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42
Q

What is the registered port range?

A

1024 - 4951

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43
Q

What is port 23 used for?

A

Telnet

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44
Q

What is port 110 for?

A

POP3

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45
Q

What is port 143 for?

A

IMAP

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46
Q

Is IPSEC built into IPv6

A

Yes

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47
Q

What does the ARP protocol do?

A

It translates IP addresses to MAC addresses.

48
Q

What does multicast mean?

A

Everyone on the network gets the request.

49
Q

How do systems respond to a multicast message?

A

Using unicast.

50
Q

When should you hardcode ARP?

A

For critical devices

51
Q

What is the DHCP?

A

Dynamic host configuration protocol. It assigns IP addresses to devices.

52
Q

What is crosstalk in the context of networking cables?

A

It is the signal crossing from one cable to another and it can be a confidentiality issue.

53
Q

What is attenuation in the context of networking cables?

A

When the signal gets weaker the further it travels.

54
Q

Does fiber have attenuation problems?

A

No

55
Q

What is an RJ 11 connector?

A

Your phone.. Smaller than RJ45

56
Q

What speeds can fiber optic cables obtain?

A

Petabytes per second.

57
Q

What is single mode fiber?

A

A single strand of fiber carries a single mode of light used for long distance cables?

58
Q

What is multi-mode fiber

A

multiple strands of fiber carrying multiple data streams at the same time. This uses wavelength division multiplexing.

59
Q

What is a BUS LAN topology?

A

A line of nodes. If one breaks, the traffic cannot go past it. Think of it like christmas lights.

60
Q

What is a tree LAN topology?

A

The base of the tree controls traffic. Also a single point of failure.

61
Q

What is a ring LAN topology?

A

All nodes are connected in a ring. Always has a path to the requested node.

62
Q

What is the star LAN topology?

A

All nodes are connected to a central device.

63
Q

What is a Mesh LAN topology?

A

Nodes are connected in partial or full mesh. Full means all nodes are connected to all other nodes.

64
Q

What attacks target wi-fi?

A

Jamming, Interference, Rogue endpoints

65
Q

What is a wi-fi evil twin?

A

It uses the same name as the corporate network, but it is not real.

66
Q

What is the max range of Bluetooth?

A

Class 1 can go 100 meters. Class 3 under 10 meters.

67
Q

What are the bluetooth attacks?

A

Bluejacking - Sending unsoliciated messages

BlueSnarfing - unauthorized access of information from a bluetooth device

Bluebugging - Attacker gains full control of your device.

68
Q

What is Li-fi?

A

It uses light to transmit data between devices.

69
Q

What is Zigbee?

A

low power mesh wireless network. Needs close proximity.

70
Q

What is a typical latency for satellite internet?

A

500ms

71
Q

What is the benefit of 3G cell service?

A

larger coverage area

72
Q

What is the benefit of 5g cell service?

A

faster speed, but less coverage area.

73
Q

Where is a VLAN located in the OSI model?

A

Layer 2

74
Q

What is a VLAN trunk?

A

A port connecting two switches to span VLANs across them.

75
Q

`What is a VXLAN?

A

What cloud computing providers use.

76
Q

Where is VXLAN in the OSI model?

A

Layer 3, the network layer

77
Q

What is an example of a dynamic route?

A

BGP

78
Q

What is a metric?

A

Used to determine the best path to a destination.

79
Q

What layer in the OSI model are routers

A

Layer 3, the networking layer

80
Q

What is SDx?

A

This means software-defined everything. Storage, networking, etc..

81
Q

What is a boot sector virus?

A

It runs on the master boot record

82
Q

What is a stealth virus?

A

It tries to hide from the OS and AV

83
Q

What is a multipart virus?

A

It spreads across multiple vectors.

84
Q

What are worms?

A

They are spread through self-propagation and do not need human interaction.

85
Q

What is a RAT?

A

They give an attacker admin control over the target system.

86
Q

What is a signature based AV?

A

Looks for known malware signatures

87
Q

What is a heuristic AV?

A

It is behavior based. It looks for abnormal behavior.

88
Q

What are the two types of IDS / IPS systems

A

Signature Based

Heuristic Based

89
Q

What is the downside of heuristic based systems?

A

Lots of false positives

90
Q

What is the best practice for IDS / IPS

A

Having it both at the network and host level

91
Q

Can network IDS / IPS read encrypted traffic?

A

No. You need a host based system for that.

92
Q

What are hybrid based IDS / IPS systems?

A

They look at behavioral and signature based anomalies.

93
Q

How can attackers avoid IDS / IPS?

A

Fragmentation. Sending fragmented packets.

Avoiding default attack vectors

94
Q

What is the difference between honey pot and honey net?

A

A honeypot is a single system and a honey net is a group of systems.

95
Q

What is a big pro of virtualization?

A

Cost efficiencies and flexibility

96
Q

What is a Type 1 hypervisor?

A

Known as bare metal. Part of a virtualization OS that runs on top of the host hardware.

97
Q

What is a Type 2 hypervisor?

A

It runs on top of a regular OS like windows 10. Think Hyper V.

98
Q

What hypervisor type does AWS use?

A

A type 1 hypervisor

99
Q

What is a VM escape?

A

Where an attacker jumps from host to host.

100
Q

Who creates a private cloud?

A

Your organization. It is yours.

101
Q

What is an organization responsible for in a PaaS agreement?

A

Applications only.

102
Q

Where should smart devices be kept in the network?

A

A separate VLAN.

103
Q

What is hardware hardening?

A

We harden it ASAP before provisioning it or connecting to the network. routers, laptops, hardware anything… Should be automated.

104
Q

What is a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) used for?

A

They make sure that voltage is clean / regulated.

105
Q

What is the difference between an incremental and differential backup?

A

An incremental backup will backup everything since the last backup

A differential backup will backup everything since the last FULL backup.

106
Q

Do incremental backups clear the archive bit?

A

Yes

107
Q

Do differential backups clear the archive bit?

A

No

108
Q

Can you can use differential and incremental backups in the same policy?

A

No

109
Q

What is database shadowing?

A

Exact real-time copy of the database or files to another location.

110
Q

What is remote journaling backup strategies?

A

The logs are sent offsite that can be used to rebuild the database later.

111
Q

What does Halon, FM200, and Aron suppression do?

A

It replaces oxygen in a room where there is a fire.

112
Q

What is a class C fire?

A

Electrical fire

113
Q

What is a class A fire?

A

ordinary combustable

114
Q

What kind of control is patching?

A

A corrective Control

115
Q
A

ISC2 Cyber Security (7 decks)

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