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IPSB Anatomy > Lesson 3 - Feet & Legs > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Feet & Legs Flashcards

1
Q

Foot & Ankle

A

Made out of 26 bones
1. Phalanges (14)
2. Metatarsals (5)
3. Tarsals (7)

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2
Q

Phalanges

A

14 Toe Bones

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3
Q

Metatarsals

A

5 types

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4
Q

Tarsals

A

7 Bones between metatarsals & leg

  1. Talus
  2. Calcaneus
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5
Q

Talus

A

Tarsal that is part of the ankle joint

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6
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone, big!

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7
Q

Arches of the Foot

A
  1. Medial Longitudinal
  2. Lateral Longitudinal
  3. Transverse

Functions:
Balance, Shock Absorption, Spring in Gait, Weight Distribution

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8
Q

Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

On the big toe side

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9
Q

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

A

On the little toe side

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10
Q

Transverse Arch

A

Underneath & across the foot

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11
Q

Ankle Joint

A

Tibia + Fibula + Talus

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12
Q

Tibia

A

Large bone in lower anterior leg – “shin bone”

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13
Q

Medial Malleolus

A

bony landmark that is on the interior or MEDIAL side of leg. Think “inside ankle ball”

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14
Q

Fibula

A

Long & thin leg bone lateral to Tibia.

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15
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

bony landmark that is on the exterior or LATERAL side of leg. Think “outside ankle ball”

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16
Q

Interosseus Membrane (or Ligament)

A

inter-osseus means “between bone”. This is connective tissue (collagen) between Tibia & Fibula

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17
Q

Femur

A

Longest bone in the body. Makes up thigh.

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18
Q

Greater Trochanter

A

Bony landmark and muscle attachment point (find out which) located in proximal & lateral part of femur’s shaft

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19
Q

Head (Femur)

A

The most proximal part of the femur; the “ball on top”

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20
Q

Knee Joint

A

where the Femur & Tibia meet

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21
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap bone that protects knee during flexion

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22
Q

Patellar Ligament

A

Connects patella to the tibia

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23
Q

Hip Bone

A

Made up of
1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis

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24
Q

Illium

A

Uppermost & widest section of 3 hipbones.

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25
Q

Illiac Crest

A

bony landmark - “elephant ear” shaped top of the Ilium

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26
Q

Anterior Superior Illiac Spine (ASIS)

A

bony landmark - where the rectus femorus attaches.

27
Q

Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine (AIIS)

A

bony landmark - just below the ASIS

28
Q

Ischium

A

Lowermost section of 3 hip-bones aka “butt-bones”

29
Q

Ischial Tuberosity

A

bony landmark - point of muscle attachment to hamstring

30
Q

Pubis

A

forward-most portion of hipbones aka “pubic bone”

31
Q

Symphysis Pubis (interpubic disc)

A

The point where 2 pubic bones meet in front of pelvis

32
Q

Acetabulum

A

Where 3 hip-bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) meet.

Cup-shaped cavity located on the lateral face of the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

33
Q

Hip Joint

A

Head of Femur + Acetabulum (Pelvis)

34
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

2 Ilium + 2 Ischium + 2 Pubis = 2 Hip Bones

35
Q

Pelvis

A

2 Ilium + 2 Ischium + 2 Pubis + 1 Sacrum + 1 Coccyx

36
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A

Joint where the sacrum and ilium bones meet

37
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Anterior Leg Muscle
1. Dorsiflexion of ankle joint (foot off pedal)
2. Inversion of the foot (Olly front foot)

38
Q

Peroneals / Fibularis

A

Lower leg muscle group that is on or lateral to Fibula (longus / brevis)
1. everts the foot

39
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

One of the heads of the Anterior quadraceps muscle group. Crosses both hip & knee joint.

  1. Extends Knee Joint
  2. Flexes Hip Joint
40
Q

Sartorius

A

Runs down thigh, longest muscle in the body
1. Flexes hip joint
2. Lateral rotation of hip joint
3. Abducts hipjoint
4. Flexes knee joint

4 syllables, 4 actions

41
Q

Anterior Thigh Muscles

A

Quadriceps

Rectus Femoris

Satorius

42
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Anterior Pelvis muscle
1. primary flexor of hip joint

43
Q

Adductors

A

Anterior medial thigh muscles that adduct hip joint

44
Q

Perineum

A

Boundaries - Symphysis Pubis

Coccyx

Ischial Tuberosity

45
Q

Levator Ani

A

Forms floor of the pelvis + supports internal organs

46
Q

Muscle Names Come From

A
  1. Shape - “rhomboids”
  2. Location on body -“Fibularis anterior”
  3. Action - “adductors”
  4. # Of Origins - “biceps / quadriceps”
47
Q

If a muscle crosses a joint…

A

It will affect that joint

48
Q

Foot Muscles

A
  1. Flexors
  2. Extensors
  3. Retinaculum
  4. Plantar Aponeurosis
49
Q

Flexors

A

Found on plantar surface (bottom) of feet ;

action - curling toes underneath

50
Q

Extensors

A

Found on dorsal surface (top) of feet

action - extend toes

51
Q

Retinaculum

A

on dorsal surface (top) of foot ; tendon cable management

52
Q

Plantar Aponeurosis

A

superficial flattened tendon on bottom of foot, supports arch

53
Q

Lower Leg Muscles

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

54
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Big calf muscle on posterior leg

  1. Plantarflexion of the ankle joint, “ballerina toes”.

Synergestic with Soleus and Tibalis Anterior

  1. Flexes knee joint
55
Q

Soleus

A

Powerful muscle underneath Gastrocnemius

  1. Plantarflexion of ankle joint, “ballet feet”. Synergestic with Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior
56
Q

Hamstrings

A

Group of 3 muscles, Posterior Thigh; origin - Ischial Tuberosity

  1. Flexes knee joint (synergestic with Gastrocnemius)
  2. Extends hip joint
57
Q

Gluteal Region Muscles

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Gluteus Medius
  3. Gluteus Minor
  4. Six Deep Lateral Rotators
  5. Tensor Fascia Latae
  6. Iliotibial Tract
58
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A
  1. extends hip joint
  2. laterally rotates hip joint (femur rotates out)
59
Q

Gluteus Medius

A
  1. abducts hip joint
  2. medially rotates hip joint

fully synergistic with gluteus minor

60
Q

Gluteus Minor

A
  1. abducts hip joint
  2. medially rotates hip joint

fully synergistic with gluteus medius

61
Q

Six Deep Lateral Rotators

A

six muscles that laterally rotate hip joint

62
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

A

tenses IT band

63
Q

Iliotibial Tract

A

Fascia located on lateral side of thigh

Stablizes knee joint (esp lateral movements)

IPSB Anatomy (9 decks)

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