Psychodynamic explanation

Question 1

what is the psychodynamic explaination

Answer 1

a perspective that describes the different forces (dynamics), most of which are unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience

Question 2

when talking about the psychodynamic explanation what should you consider

HINT: 1 2 3 3 5

Answer 2

1. unconscious
2. Oedipus and Electra complex
3. tripartite personality (Id - pleasure principle , Ego - reality principle , Superego - morality principle)
4. defence mechanisms ( repression - psychotherapy , denial, displacement -LH )
5. psychosexual stages (oral - 1 nail biting, anal 1-3 retentive - ocd expulsive disorganised , phallic 3-5 homosexuality OC + EC focus around penis, Latency 5-12, genital pubity child goes through physiological and psychological changes)

Question 3

what stage is the superego formed

Answer 3

the end of the phallic stage

when children resolve the Oedipus complex

Question 4

what principle does the superego work on

Answer 4

morality principle

Question 5

who proposed the inadequate superego theory

Answer 5

Blackburn (1993)

Question 6

in the psychodynamic explanation what is causing offending

Answer 6

offending behaviour occurs when the Id takes over so offenders demand instant gratification due to having an inadequate superego

Question 7

what are the 3 types of inadequate superego

Answer 7

1. weak superego
2. deviant superego
3. over harsh superego

Question 8

what is a weak superego

Answer 8

occurs when the same gendered parent is absent in the phallic stage , a child cannot internalise a fully formed superego as there is no opportunity for identification

this makes immoral or offending behaviour more likely

Question 9

what is a deviant superego

Answer 9

if the superego that a child internalises has immoral or deviant values this would lead to offending behaviour

for example: a boy who is raised by a criminal father is not likely to associate guilt with wrongdoing

Question 10

what is an overharsh superego

Answer 10

a healthy superego is based on identification with a parent who has firm rules but forgives transgressions

an excessively punitive or overly harsh parenting style leads to a child with an overharsh superego who is crippled by guilt and anxiety. This may (unconsciously) drive the individual to perform criminal acts in order to satisfy the superego’s overwhelming need for punishment

Question 11

how does the psychodynamic explanation explain the role of emotion

Answer 11

an indequate superego allows primitive emotional demands (ID) to guide moral behaviour.

psychodynamic explanations deals with the emotional life of the individual as it acknowledges the role of anxiety and guilt in the development of offending behaviour

Question 12

how does MDH link to offending

Answer 12

affectionless psychopathy - lack of guilt, feeling, emotion for others

so MD individuals are likely to engage in acts of delinquency and cannot develop close relationships with others due to (IWM being affected)