Anatomical Position & Directional Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Superior(cranial)

A

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

ex: the head is superior to the abdomen

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2
Q

Inferior(caudal)

A

away from the head end or tpward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

ex: the navel is inferior to the chin

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3
Q

Anterior(ventral)

A

Toward ot at the front of the body; in front of

ex: the breastbone is anterior to the spine

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4
Q

Posterior(dorsal)

A

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

ex: the heart is posterior to the breastbone

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

ex: the elbow is proximal to the wrist

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6
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of the attachment of a limb to the body trunk

ex: the knee is distal to the thigh

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7
Q

Superficial(external)

A

Toward or at the body surface

ex: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Deep(internal)

A

away from the body surface; more internal

ex: the lungs are deep to the skin

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9
Q

Two major divisions of the body

Axial

Regional terms(designate specific areas within body divisions)

A

head, neck, and trunk

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10
Q

Two major divisions of the body

Appendicular

Regional Terms(designate specific areas within body divisions)

A

limbs(legs and arms)

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11
Q

What are body planes?

A

surfaces along which body or strcutures may be cut for anatomical study

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12
Q

What are the 3 most common planes?

A

Sagittal plane, Frontal(coronal) plane, and Transverse (horizontal) plane

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13
Q

What are sections?

A

Cuts or sections made along a body plane.

A section is named for the plane along which it is cut. Thus, a cut along a sagittal plane produces a sagittal section.

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14
Q

What is a sagittal plane?

A

A sagittal plane divides the body vertically into right and left parts

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15
Q

What is it called when a sagittal plane lies exactly in the midline?

A

midsagittal(median) plane

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16
Q

What is it called when a sagittal plane was cut off-centered/not on the midline?

A

Parasagittal plane

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17
Q

What are frontal (coronal) planes?

A
  • lie vertically,
  • divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
    *
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18
Q

What are transverse(cross section) planes?

A
  • runs horizontally from left to right’
  • divides the body into superior and inferior parts
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19
Q

What are oblique sections?

seldom used***

A

Cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes

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20
Q

Medial

A

toward the body or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

ex: the heart is medial to the arm

21
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

ex: the arms are lateral to the chest

22
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial and a more lateralm structure

ex: the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder

23
Q

What is the trunk of the body?

A

the central, main part of the body that houses all of the internal organs

24
Q

What does the dorsal body cavity protect? How many subdivisions does it have?

A

The dorsal body cavity protects the fragile nervous system organs; it contains 2 subdivisions(cranial & vertebral)

25
Q

cranial cavity

A

located in the skull, it encases the brain

25
Q

veterbral(spinal) cavity

A

runs within the bony vertebral column; encloses the delicate spinal cord

26
Q

What is the ventral body cavity?

A
  • The more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities, has two major sudivisions(thoracic & abdominopelvic)
  • it also houses the viscera(internal organs)
27
Q

Superior subdivision

Thoracic cavity

A
  • surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest
  • subdivided into lateral pleural cavities & mediastinum
  • separated from the more inferior abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm
28
Q

Pleural cavities

A

each envelop a lung

29
Q

mediastinum

A
  • contains the pericardial cavity, which encloses the heart & also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs(esophagus, trachea, etc.)
30
Q

diaphragm

A

dome-shaped muscle important in breathing

31
Q

abdominopelvic cavity( two regions)

A
  • abdominal cavity(superior) contains the stomach, intestine, spleen, liver, etc.
  • pelvic cavity(inferior) lies in the bony pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum
32
Q

what ate the walls of the ventral body cavity& outer surfaces of the organs covered by?

A

the serosa/serous membrane, a thin double-layered membrane

33
Q

What part of the serous membrane lines the cavity walls of the ventral body?

A

the parietal serosa

34
Q

visceral serosa

A

the part of the double-layered membrane that lines the outer surfaces of organs withing the ventral body cavity

35
Q

serous fluid

A

clear, watery fluid secreted by cells of a serous membrane

36
Q

What are the 4 abdomniopelvic quadrants?

A
  • Right Upper Quadrant(RUQ)
  • Left Upper Quadrant(LUQ)
  • Right Lower Qudrant(RLQ)
  • Left Lower Quadrant(LLQ)
37
Q

umbilical region

A

the centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel).

38
Q

epigastric region

A

located superior to the umbilical region (epi = upon, above; gastri = belly)

39
Q

pubic (hypogastric) region

A

located inferior to the umbilical region (hypo = below)

40
Q

right and left inguinal (iliac) regions

A

located lateral to the hypogastric region (iliac = superior part of the hip bone)

41
Q

right and left lateral (lumbar) regions

A

lie lateral to the umbilical region (lumbus = loin).

42
Q

right and left hypochondriac regions

A

lie lateral to the epigastric region and deep to the ribs (chondro = cartilage).

43
Q
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44
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45
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47
Q
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48
Q
A