Process Facilities - Part A Flashcards
What raw material is used to produce caustic soda?
Electrolytic decomposition of sodium chloride in a chlor-alkali plant.
What is the process called in which compounds found in crude oil are separated into various constituents?
Fractionation.
Where would stainless steel piping materials be used in place of plastic piping with equal corrosion resistance?
In process with lower or higher temperature or pressure than plastic piping can withstand.
Why are the processes of thermal cracking, alkylation, and catalytic reforming used in an oil refinery?
To increase the yield of lighter, more valuable fractions such as gasoline, kerosene, and light fuel.
Other than freeze protection, what use does glycol have in a gas processing plant?
In large plants, it is used to dehydrate gas streams of volumes of water.
What do scrubbers remove from the gas stream in a gas processing facility?
Sour gas and other gases such as H2S, CO2, COS, CS2, and mercatpan from feed gas streams.
What is the primary use of nitrogen produced by the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen process?
The production of ammonia.
What are the various dehydration processes employed in a gas plant?
Glycol process, refrigeration process, and solid desiccant process.
What undesirable components of crude oil are removed from the feedstock in one of the first processes in an oil refinery.
Salts, waxes, suspended or dissolved solids, water content, and sulfur.
What is the purpose of the catalytic reactor used in the Claus process for a gas plant?
The catalytic reactor converts hot sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur vapor.
What is the major difference between a topping refinery and a hydro-skimming refinery?
Hydro-skimming refineries use hydro-treating and reforming units to produce distillate fuel and high octane gasoline.
Why do conversion refineries employ process units such as catalytic cracking and hydro-cracking sections as well as olefin conversion sections and coking units?
To reduce or eliminate the production of residual fuel and increase the production of light fuel and petrochemicals.
What is another name for fractional distillation as employed in an oil refinery?
Atmospheric distillation.
What form of energy is used in a refinery to separate saltwater from primary feedstock in a desalting drum?
Electrical energy.
How does super fractionation equipment differ from atmospheric distillation equipment?
Super fractionation equipment has smaller diameter columns and a larger number of trays, 100 or more, to isolate a narrow range of products or high purity solvents or aromatic compounds for petrochemicals.
