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Disease and Pathology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation

A

to set on fire

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2
Q

goals of inflammation

A

eliminate initial cause of cell injury, remove necrotic cells and tissue, initiate repair process

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3
Q

components of inflammatory process

A

WBCs and plasma

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4
Q

four cardinal signs of inflammation

A

redness, heat, swelling, and pain (+/- loss of function)

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5
Q

result from increased amount of blood in affected tissue

A

redness and heat

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6
Q

congestion of tissue due to migration of fluid from vessels and exudation

A

swelling

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7
Q

pressure on nerve endings

A

Pain

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8
Q

little to no tissue destruction, slight vascular response, minimal exudation

A

mild inflammatory response

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9
Q

some tissue damage, visible host reaction

A

moderate inflammatory response

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10
Q

significant tissue damage, abundant exudation

A

severe inflammatory response

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11
Q

extravascular fluid with high protein content

A

exudate

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12
Q

extravascular fluid with low protein content

A

transudate

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13
Q

single area of inflammation

A

focal

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14
Q

many, scattered areas of inflammation

A

multifocal

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15
Q

all tissue within a particular zone is affected

A

locally extensive

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16
Q

involving entire organ or tissue

A

diffuse

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17
Q

acute inflammation

A

pathogen or wound, several days, repair, protective response, beneficial for host

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18
Q

chronic inflammation

A

persistence of stimulus, long-term infections, deleterious for host, long-term consequences

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19
Q

ex. of infections

A

bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic

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20
Q

ex. of tissue necrosis

A

ischemia, trauma, physical or chemical injury

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21
Q

ex. foreign bodies

A

splinters, dirt, sutures

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22
Q

increased blood flow to the tissue

A

vasodilation

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23
Q

chemical process which directs cells to leave the blood and enter tissue

A

chemotaxis

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24
Q

WBCs and RBCs will leave affected vessel in response to chemotaxis and enter tissue

A

emigration

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25
Q

process by which WBCs ingest dead cells, foreign particles, or bacteria

A

phagocytosis

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26
Q

the body controls its “actors” with the lymphatic system and with chemicals called

A

mediators

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27
Q

chemical mediators

A

histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandin

28
Q

potent vasodilator

A

prostaglandin

29
Q

cytoplasm is loaded with granules containing mediators of inflammation

A

mast cells

30
Q

mass containing pus

A

purulent

31
Q

exudate low in protein, low in cells, no clotting factors

A

serous

32
Q

exudate contains both serum and blood, thin and watery

A

serosanguinous

33
Q

exudate cloudy yellow/green fluid containing leukocytes

A

purulent/suppurative

34
Q

exudate containing protein fibrin and pus

A

fibrinopurulent

35
Q

exudate contains many RBCs

A

hemorrhagic

36
Q

exudate contains mucous

A

catarrhal

37
Q

release of pyrogens which causes body temp to rise

A

fever

38
Q

inflammatory process consumes more than what the body can manufacture

A

leukocytosis vs leukopenia

39
Q

presence of bacteria in the blood stream

A

bacteremia

40
Q

presence of bacteria and its toxins in the blood stream

A

septicemia

41
Q

presence of toxins within the bloodstream (no bacteria)

A

toxemia

42
Q

contraction and distortion of an organ

A

scarring

43
Q

union of opposing bands of inflammatory tissue, 2 bands of tissue that are not normally joined together (may be thin like plastic wrap or thick)

A

adhesions

44
Q

focal inflammatory lesion in which the tissue reaction primarily consists of chronic inflammatory cells

A

granulomatous inflammation

45
Q

consists of necrotic core surrounded by zones of chronic inflammatory cells

A

granuloma

46
Q

inflammatory phase

A

initial response to injury, 1-4 days post injury, redness, swelling, heat, and pain, platelet and and leukocyte aggravation, exudative

47
Q

proliferative phase

A

day 4-42, increased rate of collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, granulation tissue, gain tensile strength

48
Q

remodeling phase

A

6 wks-1 year, intermolecular cross-linking of collagen, increased tensile strength, scare flattens

49
Q

tissue undergoes restructuring by cells that belong there

A

regeneration

50
Q

replacement of destroyed tissue by connective tissue

A

repair

51
Q

vascular connective tissue (super red, fleshy tissue that forms when a wound is healing)

A

granulation tissue

52
Q

aka primary wound healing, wound by approximation or wounds created and closed in operating room, clean fresh wounds, wound is treated by irrigation and debridement, treated within 24 hours following injury

A

healing by first intention

53
Q

aka secondary wound healing, wound left open and allowed to close through epithelialization, no surgical intervention, slower healing

A

healing by second intention

54
Q

aka tertiary wound healing, managing wounds that are heavily contaminated, not previously treated

A

healing by third intention

55
Q

wound is superficial, not penetrating entire dermis, seen with first degree burns and abrasions, epithelialization, minimal collagen formation

A

partial thickness wounds

56
Q

partial thickness dermal wounds

A

abrasions

57
Q

wounds that penetrate the dermis and deeper tissue

A

lacerations

58
Q

large section of skin torn from underlying tissue

A

degloving

59
Q

a wound is considered infected when bacteria count is greater than…

A

100,000 organisms per gram of tissue

60
Q

burns confined to the dermis, skin appears red

A

first degree

61
Q

partial thickness dermal injury, discoloration and fluid filled blisters

A

second-degree burn

62
Q

full thickness dermal injury, leathery and dark

A

third degree burn

63
Q

beyond dermis and into deeper tissue, may require skin grafts

A

fourth degree burns

64
Q

develop over bony prominences

A

decubitus ulcers

65
Q

develop secondary to pressure necrosis of the skin (prolonged periods of bandaging)

A

pressure sores

66
Q

4 Cs of wound care

A

cover, clip, clean, copiously lavage

67
Q

bone healing stages

A

fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, remodeling

Disease and Pathology (16 decks)

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