Teat lesions

Question 1

what are some infectious causes of teat lesion?

Answer 1

warts (bovine papillomatosis)
pdeudo-cowpox
bovine herpes mammilitis
black spot
cow pox
udder impetigo

Question 2

what are some non-infectious teat lesions?

Answer 2

hyperkeratosis
photosensitisation
chapped teats
cut teats
teat peas
teat stenosis
blind teats

Question 3

what age animals normally get warts (bovine papillomatosis)?

Answer 3

younger heifers

Question 4

what age animals is bovine papillomatosis seen in?

Answer 4

younger cattle

Question 5

why is bovine papillomatosis problematic?

Answer 5

harbour bacteria in skin folds
poor liner attachment leading to difficulty milking
pain can make milking/suckling difficult

Question 6

how is bovine papillomatosis treated?

Answer 6

most self cure, but can remove with ligation/surgery/cryosurgery

Question 7

what can be used to control bovine papillomatosis in severe cases?

Answer 7

autogenous vaccine can be produced

Question 8

what is a risk factor for bovine papillomatosis transmission?

Answer 8

flies (need effective fly control)

Question 9

what type of pathogen causes pseudocowpox?

Answer 9

virus

Question 10

what virus causes pseudocowpox?

Answer 10

parapox

Question 11

what lesions are seen in pseudocowpox cases?

Answer 11

circular or horse shoe shaped scabs

Question 12

are pseudocowpox lesions painful?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

how infectious is pseudocowpox?

Answer 13

moderatley, will see multiple cows with lesions and can recur

Question 14

how is pseudocowpox treated?

Answer 14

premilking teat dip

Question 15

what lesions are seen in bovine herpes mammilitis cases?

Answer 15

vesicles that burst to become very inflamed and painful

Question 16

what disease could a bovine herpes mammilitis case be similar to?

Answer 16

foot and mouth (vesicles)

Question 17

what pathogen causes bovine herpes mammilitis?

Answer 17

bovine herpes virus 2

Question 18

what lesions are seen in cowpox cases?

Answer 18

painful vesicles, ulcers and scabs that take weeks to heal

Question 19

how commonly is black spot seen?

Answer 19

very common

Question 20

what is black spot?

Answer 20

damage to teat end (from things such as excessive vacuum) with a secondary infection of Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 21

what pathogen causes black spot?

Answer 21

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 22

how is milk spot treated?

Answer 22

topical antibiotics and a teat cannula

Question 23

what is udder/teat impetigo?

Answer 23

pustular lesions on skin usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Question 24

what is the causative agent of teat impetigo?

Answer 24

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 25

how is teat impetigo treated?

Answer 25

post-milking teat dip
antiseptic udder creams

Question 26

what can cause chapped teats?

Answer 26

worn teat liners
poor teat skin care
calf suckling

Question 27

what is the function of pre-milking teat dip?

Answer 27

remove any organisms on skin that might enter the udder during milking

Question 28

what are the constituents of a teat dip?

Answer 28

disinfectant (iodine, chlorhexidine, lactic acid…)
emollient
dye
sticking agent

Question 29

what is a teat pea?

Answer 29

pedunculate granuloma attached to the wall of the teat canal that blocks the flow of milk

Question 30

how can teat peas be treated?

Answer 30

removal by Hudson’s spiral inserted by rotating up teat canal
mosquito forceps up canal to tear it off
prophylactic antibiotics when removed

Question 31

what usually causes teat stenosis?

Answer 31

sequelae to trauma

Question 32

how is teat stenosis treated?

Answer 32

local and sedation then insert teat knife
cover with antibiotics and teat cannula

Question 33

what is the prognosis for teat stenosis?

Answer 33

guarded as they can form scar tissue when healing leading to more stenosis

Question 34

how can cut teats be treated?

Answer 34

sedate and life hindlimb
use a ring block around base of teat then clean and debride
suture closed the wound