Topic 5

Question 1

What is the tripartite system 1944
[Conservatives]

Answer 1

Individuals should achieve status through their own efforts and abilities.Children were assessed using the 11+ exam and allocated to one of 3 schools:
1.)Grammar schools-for those who passed the 11+ [mainly middle class]
2.) Secondary modern schools- For those who failed the 11+ [mainly working class]
3.) Technical schools [only existed in a few areas,very few ever built]
This system reproduced class inequalities

Question 2

What is the comprehensive system 1965 [Labour]

Answer 2

The comprehensive system aimed to overcome the class divide by abolishing the 11+ alongside grammar schools replacing them with comprehensive schools that pupils in one area would attend. This aimed to make the education system more meritocratic

Question 3

Define covert selection

Answer 3

Tough and brooks identified covert selection as cherry picking those they think will be the high achievers
Eg. Discouraging parents from poorer economic backgrounds from applying by giving the impression that school is better suited for middle class pupils

Question 4

What is The new vocationalism [1979-1997,Conservatives]

Answer 4

Aimed to deal with youth employment as the government felt education wasn’t enough preparation for work. Apprenticeships and training schemes were introduced

Question 5

Problems with the new vocationalism [AO3]

Answer 5

Cheap labour for employers
A way of reducing politically embarrassing unemployment stats
Lower ability students were encouraged into vocational education resulting in [ethnic minorities over represented]

Question 6

What is the 1988 education reform act [Conservatives]

Answer 6

Marketisation was introduced
It created an education market by:
•Reducing state control
•Increasing competition between schools
•Aimed to raise standards
Parentocracy meaning “rule by parents” The power shifts from the teachers and schools to the parents.

Question 7

Policies promoting marketisation

Answer 7

•Publication of league tables and •Ofsted reports to the public
•Business sponsorships of schools
•Open enrolment [more successful schools can recruit more pupils
•Funding formula
•introduction of tuition fees for university

Question 8

Define cream skimming and silt shifting

Answer 8

Bartlett claims league tables encourage:
Cream skimming- Good schools can be more selective and choose high achieving mainly middle class pupils
Silt shifting- Good schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get low results

Question 9

Define the funding formula

Answer 9

Schools are allocated funds based on how many pupils they attract.Popular schools get more funds so they can afford better qualified teachers and better facilities. Their popularity allows them to be more selective and attract mainly middle class pupils

Question 10

What are the 3 types of parents Gewirtz found

Answer 10

Privileged skilled choosers
Disconnected local choosers
Semi skilled choosers

Question 11

What is New Labour and inequality 1997-2010

Answer 11

New Labour government aimed to reduce inequalities.
These policies included
•Designating deprived areas such as Education Action zones
•Aim higher programme to raise aspirations of groups underrepresented
•Education maintenence allowances
•increased funding for state education
•Sure start centres

Question 12

What is a criticism of the new Labour [A03]

Answer 12

Although they introduced EMA they also introduced tuition fees for university that may deter working class students from going to university

Question 13

What was introduced Coalition government 2010-2015[Conservatives and lib dem]

Answer 13

•National curriculum was reformed and was rewritten,made more demanding.
•From 2010 all schools were encouraged to leave local authority control and become academies.Academies were given control of their own curriculum.Funding was taken from local authority budgets and given directly to schools from the central government.
Free schools were promoted and are set up and run by parents,teachers,faith organisations.They are seen to raise standards by giving power to parents and meeting local demand.They are funded directly by the state.

Question 14

What policies did the coalition government [cons and lib dem] introduce to reduce inequalities

Answer 14

Free school meals
The pupil premium-money schools receive for each pupil from a disadvantaged background

Question 15

What policies did the Conservative government introduce

Answer 15

Funding cuts for schools of on average 8 percent
Increasing the number of grammar schools
Pushing students to the English baccalaureate subjects l
Introducing T level qualifications and beggining to phase out Btec qualifications
The content of A levels and GCSEs made more academically demanding

Question 16

What is the privatisation of education

Answer 16

Public services like health and education being out sourced to private companies. The government gives services to private companies because less money comes out of their pocket.

Question 17

Define globalisation

Answer 17

The way in which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of increased technology,travel.
An example of this is Pearson a USA company marking English GCSE and A level papers in the USA

Question 18

Ways globalisation have impacted education

Answer 18

Increases migration has led to more ethincially diverse class rooms meaning multicultural approaches have had to occur
Greater flow of ideas around the world,countries influenced by other countries
Demand for a more skilled workforce to compete on a global scale
Focus on teaching young people that they are part of a global community