Specific Communicable Disease

Question 1

The Patient Experience:
▪ Coughs for 2 or more weeks
▪ Fever
▪ Chest or back pains, not referable to any musculo-skeletal disorders
▪ Hemoptysis or blood in sputum
▪ Significant weight loss
▪ Sweats, fatigue, or body malaise
▪ Shortness of breathing

Answer 1

Tuberculosis

Question 2

Causetive Agent of Tuberculosis

Answer 2

“Mycobacterium Tuberculosis”

Question 3

Diagnosis for Tuberculosis

Answer 3

▪ Sputum smear/ culture
▪ Skin test (TST)/ Tuberculin Skin Test
▪ Chest X-ray

Question 4

Treatment for Tuberculosis

Answer 4

6 months treatment
- 2 months: intensive phase
- 4 months: continuation phase
▪ Isoniazid (IP – 1, CP – 1)
▪ Rifampicin (IP – 1, CP – 1)
▪ Pyrazinamide (IP – 2)
▪ Ethambutol (IP – 2)

Question 5

Prevention for Tuberculosis

Answer 5

▪ Prompt diagnosis & treatment
▪ BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine to newborn, infants, grade 1/ school entrants.
▪ Educate public in mode of spread, method of control, and importance of early diagnosis.
▪ Improve social conditions.
▪ Make available medical, laboratory, and X-ray facilities for
examination of patients, contacts, and suspects.

Question 6

The Patient Experience:
▪ Early Symptoms
- Skin color changes
- Loss of sensation on the skin
lesion
- Decrease/loss of sweating &
hair growth over lesion
- Thickened or painful nerves
- Muscle weakness or paralysis
of extremities
- Pain and redness of eyes
- Nasal obstruction or bleeding
- Ulcers that do not heal

Answer 6

Leprosy or “Hansen’s Disease”

Question 7

The Patient Experience:
▪ Late Symptoms
- Madarosis (loss of eyebrows)
- Lagophthalmos (inability to
close eyelids)
- Clawing of fingers & toes
- Sinking of nose bridge
- Gynecomastia (enlargement of
breast in males)
- Chronic ulcers

Answer 7

Leprosy or “Hansen’s Disease”

Question 8

Leprosy or “Hansen’s Disease” Causetive Agent

Answer 8

“Mycobacterium Leprae”

Question 9

Diagnosis for Leprosy or Hansen’s Disease

Answer 9

Skin-Biopsy

Question 10

Treatment for Leprosy or Hansen’s Disease

Answer 10

▪ Ambulatory chemotherapy using
Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) w/ 3
drugs.
- Dapsone
- Rifampicin
- Clofazimine

Question 11

Prevention of Leprosy or Hansen’s Disease

Answer 11

▪ BCG vaccination
▪ Avoidance, especially children, of prolonged skin-to-skin contact with lepromatous case.
▪ Good personal hygiene
▪ Adequate nutrition
▪ Health education

Question 12

The Patient is Experiencing:
▪ Fever
▪ Rashes
▪ Symptoms Referable to URT

Answer 12

Measles

Question 12

Causetive Agent of Measles

Answer 12

Morbillivirus paramyxoviridae (single strand RNA virus)

Question 13

Incubation Period of Measles Virus

Answer 13

▪ 10 days from exposure to appearance of fever.
▪ 14 days until rash appears.

Question 14

Prevention of Measles

Answer 14

▪ Avoid exposing children to any person w/ fever or acute catarrhal
symptoms.
▪ Isolation of cases from diagnosis about 5-7 days after onset of
rash.
▪ Disinfection of all particles soiled with secretions of nose and
throat.
▪ Live attenuated and inactivated measles virus vaccines (MMR).

Question 14

Causetive Agent of Chicken Pox or “Varicella”

Answer 14

Zoster Virus

Question 14

The Patient is Experiencing:
▪ Slight Fever
▪ Mild Constitutional Symptoms
▪ Eruptions which is Maculo-Papular for Few Hours

Answer 14

Chicken Pox or Varicella

Question 15

Incubation Period of Chicken Pox or “Varicella”

Answer 15

▪ 2 – 3 weeks, not common in
infancy

Question 16

Prevention of Chicken Pox

Answer 16

▪ Case over 15 years of age should be investigated to eliminate possibility of smallpox.
▪ Isolation of infected person.
▪ Concurrent disinfection of throat and nose discharge.
▪ Exclusion from school for 1 week after eruption 1st appears.
▪ Avoid contact with susceptible

Question 17

The Patience is Experiencing:
▪ Profuse Colorless Diarrhea
▪ Vomiting
▪ Severe Dehydration
▪ Muscular Cramps
▪ Cyanosis
▪ Severe Cases Collapse

Answer 17

Cholera

Question 18

Causetive Agent of Cholera

Answer 18

Vibrio Cholerae

Question 19

Prevention of Cholera

Answer 19

▪ Bring patient to hospital for proper isolation, prompt, and competent medical care.
▪ Prevention same as those Typhoid and Dysentery.
▪ All contacts should submit themselves for stool examination
and be treated accordingly if found positive.

Question 20

Causetive Agent of Tetanus

Answer 20

Clostridium tetani / Tetanus bacilli

Question 21

Prevention of Tetanus

Answer 21

▪ Pregnant women should be
actively immunized in regions
where tetanus neonatorum is
prevalent.
▪ Health education of mothers,
relative, and attendants, in the
practice of strict aseptic methods
of umbilical care in the newborn.

Question 22

The Patient is Experiencing:
▪ Fever that Last 1-6 days
▪ Chills
▪ Back Pains
▪ Leans on Frustration
▪ Respiratory Symptoms; Coryza, Sore-throat, and Cough

Answer 22

Influenza

Question 23

Causetive Agent of Influenza

Answer 23

Influenza Virus A, B, C

Question 24

Prevention of Influenza

Answer 24

▪ Education of the public as to sanitary hazard from spitting,
sneezing, and coughing.
▪ Avoid use of common towels, glasses, and eating utensils.
▪ Active immunization with influenza vaccine provided prevailing strain of virus matches antigenic component of vaccine.

Question 25

The Patient is experiencing:
▪ Abrupt fever
▪ Headache
▪ Myalgia
▪ Nausea
▪ Vomiting
▪ Cough
▪ Chest pain

Answer 25

Leptospirosis (Weil’s Disease, Mud Fever, Trench Fever, Flood Fever, Spiroketal Jaundice, Japanese 7-days Fever)

Question 26

Causetive Agent of Leptospirosis

Answer 26

Leptospira interrogans – varicterohemmorhagiae

Question 27

Treatment of Leptospirosis

Answer 27

▪ Penicillin & other B-lactam antibiotics
▪ Tetracycline
▪ Erythromycin

Question 28

The Patience is Experiencing:
▪ High fever for first 24 hours
▪ Weakness, joint, & muscle pain
▪ Hemorrhagic rash, progressing from few petechiae to widespread purpura.
▪ Meningeal irritation like headache, nausea & vomiting, stiff neck, seizure/ convulsion, & sensorial changes

Answer 28

Meningococcemia

Question 29

Causetive Agent of Meningococcemia

Answer 29

Neisseria meningitides

Question 30

Treatment of Meningococcemia

Answer 30

▪ Penicillin
▪ Ciprofloxacin
- Taken immediately after close contact with infected

Question 31

Prevention of Meningococcemia

Answer 31

▪ Respiratory isolation of patients for the first 24 hours upon admission to prevent exposure of hospital staff.
▪ Preventive clothing for hospital staff w/ suspected patient.
▪ Public should be educated to avoid overcrowded places to reduce the risk of exposure especially among children & elderly.

Question 32

The Patient is Experiencing:
▪ Sense of apprehension
▪ Headache
▪ Fever
▪ Sensory change near the site of animal bite
▪ Spasm of muscles or deglutition on attempt to swallow.
▪ Paralysis
▪ Delirium & convulsion

Answer 32

Rabies

Question 33

Causetive Agent of Rabies

Answer 33

Lyssavirus rhabdovirus

Question 34

Incubation of Rabies

Answer 34

▪ 2-8 weeks
▪ Can also last for a year or several years depending on the severity of wound and distance of wound from the brain.

Question 35

Prevention of Rabies

Answer 35

▪ Wound must be immediately washed with soap and water.
▪ Antiseptic such as povidone iodine or alcohol may be applied.
▪ Patient must be given antibiotics & anti-tetanus immunization.
▪ Consult veterinarian or trained personnel to observe your pet for
14 days for sign of rabies.