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YR1 EXOTICS > LO2 - Small Mammals > Flashcards

LO2 - Small Mammals Flashcards

1
Q

Factors to be Considered when Selecting an Appropriate Environment

A
  • lighting
  • temperature
    -ventilation
  • space
  • sleeping/hides
  • companions
  • safety/security
  • bedding
  • behavioural stimulation
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2
Q

Chinchillas: Appropriate Handling

A
  • dim light to reduce stress
  • low noise levels to reduce stress
  • pick up calmly and quickly
  • minimal restraint should be used, however hold firmly
  • can suffer from fur slip through poor handling
  • one hand supporting around shoulder area and the other the rump
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3
Q

Chinchillas: Appropriate Housing

A
  • vertical height to climb
  • minimum 2 cubic metres
  • require dust bath
  • levels, branches, ramps, tunnels
  • temperature shouldn’t exceed 22*C
  • provide nest box
  • wire mesh construction, as they can gnaw through wood
  • bottom of cage should be bare to prevent moisture buildup
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4
Q

Chinchillas: Social Groups

A
  • single
  • paired
  • mixed sex groups
    (neuter between 5-7 months)
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5
Q

Chinchillas: Nutrition

A
  • herbivores
  • pelleted food 15% protein/low fat
  • fibre requirements 30%
  • require fresh hay
  • veg/fruit in small amounts 2x weekly
    -caecotrophs
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6
Q

Rats & Mice: Appropriate Housing

A
  • escape proof
  • chew proof
  • enrichment
  • well ventilated
  • bedding for burrowing
  • levels for climbing
  • temperature range 18-26*C
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7
Q

Rats & Mice: Social Groups

A

Rats
- single sex groups
- mixed groups
(neuter 3-4 months)
Mice
- females kept together
- males fight

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8
Q

Rats & Mice: Nutrition

A
  • omnivores
  • pelleted diet
  • foragers
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9
Q

Hamsters: Appropriate Handling

A
  • can use hamster ball
  • cup in hands
  • can use small tunnel or toilet roll
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10
Q

Hamsters: Appropriate Housing

A
  • tunnels for exploration and privacy
  • bedding for burrowing
  • peat or sawdust
  • wheel
  • ceramic food bowls
  • sand baths
  • solid wall cage
  • temperature 19-23*C
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11
Q

Hamsters: Social Groups

A
  • single
  • fighting is common between groups
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12
Q

Hamsters: Nutrition

A
  • hamster mix 18% protein
  • protein through meal worms, nuts, seeds, or boiled eggs
  • feed in small amounts
  • coprophagia
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13
Q

Gerbils: Appropriate Handling

A
  • cup in hands
  • keep at a low level
  • secure room
    (jump when frightened)
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14
Q

Gerbils: Appropriate Housing

A
  • plastic or metal cages
  • deep litter substrate for burrowing
  • sand bath
  • tunnels and other enrichment
  • temperature 15-21*C
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15
Q

Gerbils: Social Groups

A
  • singly
  • female pairs
  • neutered male, female pair
  • male pairs commonly fight
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16
Q

Gerbils: Nutrition

A
  • omnivores
  • foragers
  • 16% protein
  • 5% fat
  • gerbil specific food
17
Q

Jirds: Appropriate Housing

A
  • similar to gerbils but require more space
  • deep litter substrate for burrowing
  • sand baths
  • plenty of enrichment
18
Q

Jirds: Social Groups

A
  • females kept singly
  • males can be kept in pairs
19
Q

Ferrets: Appropriate Housing

A
  • wired mesh enclosure
  • large space
  • levels, tunnels, hard toys for enrichment
  • escape proof
  • substrate: wood shavings or shredded paper
  • temperature 15-21*C
20
Q

Ferrets: Social Groups

A
  • pairs
  • if kept in groups males may fight
21
Q

Ferrets: Nutrition

A
  • carnivores
  • high protein and high fat diet
  • less than 5% fibre
  • ferret specific food
  • cat food
  • require calcium
  • fed 2x daily
22
Q

Factors to Consider when Transporting

A
  • use of travel carrier
  • escape/gnaw proof
  • big enough for some movement, but small enough for catching
  • hiding place for security
  • lined with absorbent materials
23
Q

Factors to Consider when Choosing a Hospital Environment

A
  • away from other species
  • quiet area to reduce stress
  • close to the ground
  • escape and gnaw proof
  • small enough for capture
  • normal habits eg. toileting systems
24
Q

Rabbits: Appropriate Housing

A
  • best kept in groups of 2 or more
  • best pairing is multi-sexed (both neutered)
  • females kept together as easier than males
  • regular cleaning required
  • enclosures must be large
25
Q

Rabbits: Appropriate Nutrition

A
  • herbivores: indigestible fibre is essential
  • fibre should make up majority of diet
  • hay should make up 85% of diet as its high in fibre, aids gastrointestinal mobility, and ensures sufficient dental wear
    (amount given roughly same size as animal)
  • greens, vegetables, herbs make up 10% of diet
    (given in moderation)
  • commercial pellets make up 5% of diet as these are rich in vitamins and minerals, small quantities should be offered
    (roughly 1 egg cup)
26
Q

Guinea Pigs: Appropriate Housing

A
  • large accommodation
  • comfy bedding, with regular cleaning
  • require company
  • neophobic, the fear of anything new, don’t like change and can be stressful
27
Q

Guinea Pigs: Nutrition

A
  • herbivores and crepuscular (mainly feeding at dusk and dawn)
  • require plenty of Vitamin C (as unable to synthesise in their gut)
  • hay, fresh veg, fresh fruit, commercial pelleted food
  • most water requirements come from greens in wild but must be supplied with water
  • water bottles should be checked regularly
28
Q

Avian: Appropriate Housing?

A
  • birds should be able to fully extend wings in all directions
  • should be mimic their natural environemnt
  • should be able to exhibit normal behaviours
  • when settling in to aviary should initially be isolated, allow the bird to exit box on its own and make food and water easily accessible
29
Q

Avian: Factors to consider when selecting a Cage?

A

Escape proof
Strong durable material
Height and width
Horizontal bars(climbing birds), Vertical bars(flying birds)
Bar width and door width
Non-toxic materials
Easy to clean
Species of number of birds being housed
Protection from elements
Lighting

30
Q

Avian: Additional Cage Accessories?

A

Perches - should be clean and comfortable for bird to stand on, right diameter for birds foot, need to be washed down no chemicals used, shouldn’t be over water/food
Toys - robust, for mental stimulation, should be rotated, encourages exercise and beak wear, bells/mirrors/blocks
Bird Bath - natural activity which should be encouraged, keeps plumage clean, 2-3x a week
Substrate - paper is best for safety and convenience, foraging birds cage bottom should be solid not mesh
Location - living room, placed securely, easy to clean area, low traffic area, avoid kitchen (fumes)

31
Q

Avian: Nutritional Requirements?

A
  • birds classified according to diet as hardbills or softbills
  • water intake depends on diet, dry=more water, veg/fruit=drink less
  • quality monitoring of water is essential, birds can defecate or drop food into bowls leading to bacterium festering in the water
  • vitamins and minerals can be added to water
32
Q

Avian: What are Seed Eaters?

A
  • good source of carbohydrates and fats
  • if only fed seed diets can become deficient in Vitamin A
  • require minerals, vitamins, veg, fresh clean water
  • dry seed mixes, cereal seeds (oats), oil seeds (peanuts or sunflower seeds)
33
Q

Avian: Supplements that can be provided?

A

Calcium - cuttlefish bone
Veg
Fruit
Greens
Minerals - iodine block
Grit - aids in digestion

34
Q

Avian: Delivery Methods?

A

Water - open bowl, plastic cup, tube drinkers

Feed - ceramic, metal, plastic, perched, hoopers, c shape

35
Q

Avian: What can be fed to Parrots?

A
  • parrot mix
  • fresh fruit and veg
  • cuttlefish
  • peanuts (high in fat)
36
Q

Avian: What can be fed to Budgies/Cockatiels?

A
  • breed mix with millet
  • millet sprays
  • supplement Vitamin A
37
Q

Avian: What can be fed to Softbills?

A
  • fruit
  • nectar
  • softbill complete pellets
  • no citrus fruits or avocados

YR1 EXOTICS (9 decks)

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