14.alcohols Flashcards
Why are alcohols are polar molecules
Polar molecules due to the electronegative hydroxyl group which pulls electrons away from the carbon atom in the C-OH bond
How to oxidise alcohols - name the oxidising agent
Pottasium dicromate ( K2Cr2O7)
Sulfuric acid
Primary alcohols oxidise to form
Aldehydes than carboxylic acids
Secondary alcohols oxidise to produce
Ketones
How to make alkenes from alcohols
Elimination of water from alcohols in acid catalyst such as phisohoric acid and sulfuric acud
In heat
Why are alcohols soluable in water
Alcohol form hydrogen bonds Between hydroxyl and water and lets then mix freely
They are soluble
Why ate longer chain alcohols less soluble in water
In longer chain alcohols more of the molecule is a non-polar carbon chain
So less atreacrtion to polar water molecules
So longer/larger alcohols are less soluable
The substition of alcohols can be used to make haloalkanes how is this possible
Halide ion like sodium bromide or hydrogen chloride
Acid like sulfuric
Alcohols to alkenes
Elimination,H2O is a product
Concentrated acid can be used like phosphoric acid H3PO4
What are aldehydes
Hydrogen and one alkyl grito suaves carbonyl carbon atom
What are ketones
Two alkyle groups attached to carbonyl carbon atom
