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Inorganic > 14th Group > Flashcards

14th Group Flashcards

1
Q

common configuration of 14th group

A

ns2 np2

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2
Q

Valences of 14th group

A

2 and 4

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3
Q

How does the metallic character of 14th group elements vary down the group?

A

It increases

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4
Q

Describe metallic character of C

A

Non-metal

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5
Q

Describe metallic character of Si and Ge

A

Metalloids

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6
Q

Describe metallic character of Sn and Pb

A

Metals

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7
Q

Why do C, Si and Ge have high melting points?

A

due to formation of network covalent structures

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8
Q

How is carbon found in nature?

A
  • Coal
  • Crude Oil
  • Calcite (CaCO3)
  • Magnesite (MgCO3)
  • Dolomite (CaCO3. MgCO3)
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9
Q

What are the allotropic forms of carbon?

A

graphite, diamond, fullerenes

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10
Q

Describe diamond lattice

A
  • Homo-atomic lattice
  • Each C atom tetrahedrally surrounded by 4 other carbon atoms
  • All C atoms have sp3 hybridizations
  • Due to covalent lattice and strong C-C bonds, special properties can be seen:
  1. Unreactive
  2. High MP (than graphite)
  3. High hardness
  4. High refractive index
  5. High density
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11
Q

What are the special properties of diamond due to its covalent lattice?

A
  1. Unreactive
  2. High MP (than graphite)
  3. High hardness
  4. High refractive index
  5. High density
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12
Q

Describe graphite

A
  • 2D network structure. Very strong, hard to break. Therefore, high MP
  • These 2D sheets are composed of C atoms
  • Each C atom is bonded to 3 other C atoms as a trigonal planar structure - sp2 hybridized
  • C-C bond length is less than diamond (141 pm)
  • With sp2 hybridization, each C atom has an unhybridized p-orbital with delocalized electrons between 2D layers. So, graphite is a good conductor
  • 2D layers are held together by london force, so layers can overlap and form a lubricating property.
  • Special properties:
    1. good lubricant
    2. soft
    3. Very high MP
    4. high density
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13
Q

What are the special properties of graphite?

A
  • Special properties:
    1. good lubricant
    2. soft
    3. Very high MP
    4. high density
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14
Q

Why is graphite a good lubricant?

A

2D layers are held together by london force, so layers can overlap and form a lubricating property.

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15
Q

Why is graphite a good conductor

A

With sp2 hybridization, each C atom has an unhybridized p-orbital with delocalized electrons between 2D layers. So, graphite is a good conductor

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16
Q

What are the 2 oxides of C

A

CO

CO2

17
Q

Properties of CO

A

Colorless, odorless, highly poisonous

C-O bond length is short (triple bond)

Highly unstable due to + charge on O

Incomplete combustion of C gives CO

18
Q

Why is CO highly unstable

A

Highly unstable due to + charge on O

19
Q

How is CO formed

A

Incomplete combustion of C

20
Q

Features of CO

A
  1. Good ligand (due to loan pairs on C)
  2. Good reducing agent (CO easily oxidizes to CO2)
  3. Used in metal extractions (iron)
21
Q

Why is CO a good ligand

A

due to loan pairs on C

22
Q

Why is CO a good reducing agent

A

CO easily oxidizes to CO2

23
Q

Describe CO2

A
  • Colorless, odorless, non-poisonous and slightly water soluble gas
  • Under london forces, CO2 is solidified under lower temperatures and is called dry ice
  • Dry ice is used as a freezing agent in food industry, and produces artificial rain
24
Q

What’s dry ice

A

Under london forces, CO2 is solidified under lower temperatures and is called dry ice

25
Q

Write the importance of dry ice

A
  • freezing agent in food industry
  • produces artificial rain
26
Q

Identification of CO2

A

CO2 gas is passed through a lime water sample and a milky white precipitate of CaCO3 is given

With excess CO2 precipitate dissolves to give a colorless solution

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 — CaCO3 + H20

CaCO3 + CO2 —> Ca(HCO3)2

27
Q

Write the reactions of CO2 identification

A

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 — CaCO3 + H20

CaCO3 + CO2 —> Ca(HCO3)2

28
Q

Name the oxoacid of C

A

H2CO3

29
Q

How is H2CO3 prepared?

A

Dissolving CO2 in water

CO2 (g) –> CO2 (aq)

CO2 (aq) + H20 –> H2CO3 (aq)

30
Q

Steps of ionization of H2CO3

A

H2CO3 + H20 –> HCO3- + H3O+

HCO3- + H20 –> CO3 2- + H3O+

31
Q

Why does H2CO3 ionize?

A

Because it’s a diprotic weak acid

Inorganic (8 decks)

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