15-16 Flashcards
(42 cards)
1965 Marcos–Lopez Campaign Jingle
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. with his running mate Fernando Lopez
Main Idea: Don’t vote for Macapagal
Tayo na sa Nacionalista
members of the ???? and policy-planning networks hold the most power — and that this power is independent of democratic elections
economic elite
Marriage of political and economic elites.
Businessmen run for office to protect their businesses.
Oligarchy
(Year) the United States granted the Philippines its independence.
July 4, 1946
(Nacionalista-Liberal)
became the first president of the Third Republic
Manuel Roxas
(Nacionalista-Liberal)
became the first president of the Third Republic
Manuel Roxas
Formerly the Secretary of Defense of Quirino.
He changed his party and was supported/built up by the Americans (he had the best jingle and slogan)
Ramon Magsaysay
He was chosen as a running mate because he was rich.
Expanded from the sugar industry to broadcasting
Quirino sold Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) to him and it was merged with the Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN)
became Vice President twice for different presidents
Fernando Lopez
No majority vote because he is not part of the mainstream parties (2 political parties)
Carlos P. Garcia
Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia claiming/fighting over ????
Explains why some Filipinos in Tawi-Tawi have relatives here (Jus Soli).
The sea before was seen as a connection/bridge between countries but it is now seen as a territorial division.
Chose to be part of Malaysia
Saba Island
right to retain the use of the bases in the Philippines
MILITARY BASES AGREEMENT, Article 1
armed forces of the Philippines may serve on United States bases and that the armed forces of the United States may serve on Philippine military establishments
MILITARY BASES AGREEMENT, Article 2
United States shall have the rights, power and authority within the bases
(Problematic because it questions our sovereignty because Americans in these bases will be following American law)
MILITARY BASES AGREEMENT, Article 3
Assured that the Philippines stayed an ally of the United States; an attack against the PH is an attack against the US and vice versa
MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY
Parties separately and jointly by self-help and mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack
MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY, Article 2
armed attack in the Pacific area on either of the Parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common dangers in accordance with its constitutional processes
MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY, Article 4
armed attack on either of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on the metropolitan territory of either of the Parties
MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY, Article 5
Preferential tariffs on US products
US controls dollar-peso exchange rate, Rate is fixed at 2 pesos for 1 Dollar
Philippine Trade Act (1946)
Parity rights given to American citizens
Needed to amend the 1935 Constitution to accept the trade act
It was against the Filipino First Policy which favors Philippine economic interests over American interests.
Philippine Trade Act (1946)
US lost control over the peso-dollar exchange rate
Philippine goods were given preferential tariff rates
American parity rights remain
Laurel-Langley Agreement of 1955
Started in Carlo Gar’s presidency
Planned to make the Philippines the primary steel manufacturer in asia.
Envisioned to have the Philippines manufacture ships and vessels.
There was no iron ore organically found in the Philippines so they imported iron scraps from other countries
Created the National Steel Corporation Philippines
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Roxas died 2 years after his inauguration
Elpidio Quirino replaced Manuel Roxas in 1948
Magsaysay died in a plane accident before his term ended
Almost all of the presidents were not successful in their re-election before when presidents were allowed to run for two terms
No continuity in the plans for the Philippines, each president has his own ideas and nothing materialized because presidents die before their term ended.
INSTABILITY
corruption issue against Quirino
Golden Arinola
1962 bribery scandal in the Philippines wherein President Diosdado Macapagal, Senator Ferdinand Marcos, and former President Carlos P. Gar were accused of accepting bribes to protect ????’s $50-million business empire, which included a monopoly on tobacco and other exploited crops and popular local resources
Stonehill Scandal
