15. Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 15. Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract Deck (27)
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1
Q

What are the structural features of the Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose and paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx

2
Q

What are the structural features of the lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

3
Q

State the function of the upper respiratory tractWarms and moistens and filters the air

A

Warms and moistens and filters the inhaled air to protect the lower respiratory tract

Olfaction (smell)

Production and resonation of sound

4
Q

State the functions of the nose

A
  • Warms and moistens and filters air

- Contains receptors for smell

5
Q

What are the names of the hairs at the entrance of the nose?

What do they do?

A

Vibrissae

They trap large dust particles

6
Q

What are the concahe?

What do they do?

A

Conchae are shelf like projections that create turbulence, allows more time to warm and moisten the air.

7
Q

What are Respiratory Mucosa?

What do they do?

A
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells that produce mucous to trap particles.
  • Cilia waft the trapped particles to pharynx where they can be swallowed.
  • Respiratory defence system
8
Q

List the 6 functional adaptations of the nose

A
  • Conchae
  • Vibrassae
  • Mucosa
  • Rich capillary network
  • Olfactory mucosa
  • Paranasal sinuses
9
Q

What is the role of the pharynx

A

Pharynx forms a communal passageway for respiratory and GI systems.

10
Q

State the 3 regions of the pharynx from highest to lowest.

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

11
Q

State the main functions of the larynx

A

Maintains an open airway
Prevents food and drink entering the lower respiratory tract
Sound production
Coughing and defacaetion.

12
Q

What is Olfactory mucosa?

A

Located in the upper aspect of the nose

Contains receptors for smell.

13
Q

What are Paranasal sinuses?

A
  • Air filled spaces in bones around the nose (unsure still)
  • Lighten the skull and resonate sound
  • Secretions for the sinuses drain into nasal cavity
14
Q

What is the Glottis?

A
  • The space between the vocal cords
  • Usually open to allow air flow
  • Closed during swallowing to prevent aspiration
  • Air vibrated over the vocal cords to produce sound
15
Q

Name the 10 structures in the lower respiratory tract.

A
  • Trachea
  • Primary bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Alveoli
16
Q

Function of Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium with Goblet Cells in the Trachea.

A
  • Goblet cells produce mucus = mucus layer in the lumen
  • Particles inhales get trapped in the mucus layer of the nasopharynx or by secretions of the pharynx
  • Cilia waft the particles back to the pharynx = swallowed + ingested
17
Q

What is the Lamina Propria?

A
  • Underlying layer of areolar that supports the respiratory epithelium.
  • Contains bundles of smooth muscles cells
18
Q

What happens to the series of tubes as you go further down the Bronchial Tree?

A
  • Smaller in diameter
  • Amount of cartilage decreases
  • Amount of smooth muscle increases
  • Height of epithelial cells decrease
19
Q

Name the properties of the Primary Bronchi.

A
  • supply each lung
  • 2-3cm long
  • right is wider and more vertical than left
  • C-shaped cartilages
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
20
Q

Name the properties of the Secondary Bronchi.

A
  • supply lobes of the lung (3 on right, 2 on left)
  • plates of cartilage
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
21
Q

Name the properties of the Tertiary Bronchi.

A
  • supply segments of the lung (10 on right, 8 on left)

- plates of cartilage

22
Q

Describe the structure and properties of the Bronchioles.

A
  • No cartilage
  • Simple columnar epithelium with cilia
  • Few goblet cells (mucus secreting)
  • Smooth muscle therefore can constrict and dilate
  • Each gives rise to 50-80 terminal bronchioles
  • Controlled by the autonomic nervous system
  • Controls airway resistance
23
Q

Describe the structure and properties of the Terminal Bronchioles.

A
  • Simple columnar epithelium with cilia
  • No goblet cells or mucous glands
  • Clara cells – produce surfactant
  • Each gives rise to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles
24
Q

Describe the structure and properties of the Respiratory Bronchioles.

A
  • Simple cuboidal epithelia
  • No cilia
  • Clara cells – produce surfactant
  • Alveoli extend from the lumen \ gas exchange occurs here
25
Q

Describe the Structure of the Alveoli.

A
  • Alveolar cell layer consists mainly of simple squamous epithelium.
  • Wall of alveolus is mainly formed of type I alveolar cells (pneumocytes type I).
    ○ At the sites of gas diffusion.
    ○ Unusually thin
  • Large Type II alveolar cells (pneumocytes type II)
  • Air crosses respiratory membrane to get into the capillary from the alveoli.
26
Q

Function of Large Type II alveolar cells (pneumocytes type II).

A

Large Type II alveolar cells (pneumocytes type II) secrete surfactant containing phospholipids and proteins, which reduces surfaces tension so alveoli can easily expand.

27
Q

Describe the structure and function of the Respiratory Membrane.

A

Made up of:

  • Epithelium of Type I cell (Simple Squamous)
  • Basement membrane of Type I cell
  • Basement Membrane of Capillary
  • Endothelium of capillary

If fluid builds up between basement membranes the it causes fluid hypertension