1.5 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS & PROPERTIES Flashcards by Cindy Tram

What is the charge of carbon?

+/-4

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given:

solid

44ºC melting point

280ºC boiling point

not soluble

non-polar covalent, not soluble

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What is another name for hydrogen carbonate?

bicarbonate

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______ temp will _______ speed of particle.

increasing temp will increase speed of particle.

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What is the formula for:

di-iodine pentasulphide

I₂S₅

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What is the name for:

Mn(HCO₃)₄

manganese (IV) bicarbonate

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Solids have what kind of bonds?

very strong bonds between particles will form solids

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What is the name for FeN?

iron (III) nitride

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given:

solid at room temp.

730ºC melting point

1380ºC boiling point

soluble in water

ionic, because of the high melting/boiling point AND soluble in water.

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What two polyatomic exceptions are positively charged? What is their suffix?

hydroxide and ammonium, ending in -ate.

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All substances are made up of _______ and they are in ___________ motion. The motions are _______, ________, ________.

All substances are made up of particles and they are in constant motion. The motions are linear, rotational, vibrational.

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What state of matter has the weakest forces?

Gases.

When contained will expand to fill vessel, but if uncontained will usually drift apart.

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Chemical formula for:

tin (IV) sulphate

Sn(SO₄)₂

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Special type of dipole-dipole force.

Hydrogen bonds.

between hydrogen and fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen ONLY because they are extremely electronegative. v.strong bond

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What is it called when covalent bonds share electrons equally?

Pure/non-polar covalent bond

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What is the formula for bicarbonate?

HCO₃-

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Chemical formula for:

mercury (I) phosphide

Hg₃P

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A type of ion that has more electrons than protons

anions.

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What are the properties of polar covalent molecules?

can be solid, liquid or gas at room temp, depending on molecule size
generally v low melting/boiling point
soluble if not too large

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What is the name for Hg₂C?

mercury (III) carbide

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What naming system do we use to show the different of charge of multivalent metals/elements?

Stock Naming, using roman numerals.

The roman number follows the name of the element and shows the positive charge.

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What is the chemical name for Li2O?

Lithium oxide

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Intermolecular forces can change the ___________ at room temp.

state of matter

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Are most polyatomic ions positively or negatively charged?

negatively

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Name for: **SnS₂**

tin (II) sulphide

A cation is?

a positive ion. more protons than electrons

What are the propteries of **non-polar covalent molecules?**

* can be any state at room temp, depending on molecule size * gen v low melting/boiling point, lower than polar molecule of same size * **not soluble**

What is name for **Cu(NO₃)₂**?

copper (II) nitrate

Formula for: **ammonium phosphate**

**(NH₄)₃PO₄**

What is an **emulsifier?**

An emulsifier keeps polar and non-polar ingredients bonded though they naturally wouldn't be. It has a positive and negative end to keep ingredients bonded. Can be natural or chemical.

Melting point

is temp needed for a solid to become a liquid

What is the name for: **Cl₂O**

dichlorine oxide

Ionic compounds are composed of ______ ions.

alternating. (positive and negative)

What is the chemical name for: **KBr**

potassium bromide

What type of substances are always solid at room temp?

Ionic substances.

What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride?

CaCl₂

Makes water liquid at room temp

hydrogen bonds

Kinetic Molecular Theory can be thought of as "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ theory"

moving particle theory

What state is water?

liquid

Are bonds between ions stronger or are bonds between molecules stronger?

bonds betwen ions are stonger because ions have charges and molecules do not.

The ______ the distance between particles the _____ the attraction.

The **further** the distance between particles the **lesser** the attraction.

Which state of matter allows particles to stay close together but still move freely to flow and change shape?

liquids. these forces are stronger than gases.

When learning how to names and formulas, it is important to differentiate between ________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?

vocabulary vs grammar. vocabulary is words, grammar is how to use. oxygen vs zinc oxide.

If a molecule is charged, it is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

polyatomic ion

Forces that cause attraction between molecules is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Forces that cause attraction between molecules is called **intermolecular forces.**

Between salt and vinegar, which has stronger attractive forces?

salt. because it is a solid at room temp and vinegar is a liquid at room temp.

The small separation of charge in a bond is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.

The small separation of charge in a bond is called a **dipole.**

A non-metal and non-metal makes up a _______ compound

covalent

What is solubility?

refers to substance's ability to dissolve with water

What temp is considered room temp?

25ºC

Are ionic substances soluble in water?

Yes, many are.

A polyatomic ion is a _______ molecule.

charged

Freezing point

is the same as melting point

What is the chemical formula for: **copper (II) phosphide**

Cu₃P₂

Define **miscibility**

is a substances ability to mix.

Name for: NF₅

nitrogen pentafluoride

Boiling point

temp needed for a liquid to become gaseous

atoms that bond together covalently form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

molecules

What are molecules called when they only have pure covalent bonds?

non-polar molecules

What are London Forces?

a temporary bond between molecules. one end of the bond becomes positive and one end becomes negative therefore becoming attracted to each other. v weak bond.

what is the chemical name for: ## Footnote **PbSO₄**

lead (II) sulfate

given: gas - 115ºC melting point - 85ºC boiling point soluble

polar covalent. low melting/boiling, water soluble.

What electrons in a polar covalent bond are always closer to which atom?

The higher electronegative one

Describe the functions and properties of soap that allows it to clean things.

Soap has polar and non-polar ends and is relatively large. It forms miscelles when combined with water. The non-polar tails dissolve droplets of oil forming a capsule around the oil. Polar head protrudes with water. keeps it together so it can be washed away.

Name for: **(NH₄)₂CO₃**

ammonium carbonate

Group 1 elements gain a charge of what?

A non metal and metal makes a what?

binary ionic compound

negatively charged polyatomic ions ALL contain \_\_\_\_\_\_, called ____ - ions.

**oxygen. oxy-ions**

Define **immiscible**

liquids that do not dissolve.

What is the chemical formula for cadmium bromide?

CdBr₂

What is the name for: **CBr₄**

carbon tetrabromide

What factors determine strength of London Forces?

* increase in contact area (more molecules) * polarizability, increase in molecular size

What does the different charge do?

It changes the property of the element. Like iron. Iron (II) powder is black. iron (III) powder is red.

given: gas at room temp - 101ºC melting point - 34ºC boiling point not soluble

non-polar covalent because of low melting and boiling and NOT soluble

particles attract each other.

Rule of KMT and the particle theory.

What are Dipole Forces?

dipole forces are in polar molecules, partial charges. Stronger than london forces. Slightly higher charge one one side, slightly lower on the other.

What is the name for elements that have more than one possible charge?

multivalent metals example: iron has charge of 2+ or 3+

What is the charge on binary ionic compounds?

zero.

What is the chemical formula for: ## Footnote **bismuth (V) phosphide**

Bi₃P₅

When naming binary ionic compounds, which atom gets the -ide ending?

The altered **non-metal** gets the -ide ending. For example: Lithium + chlorine = lithium chlor**ide**

What is the relative melting and boiling point for ionic substances?

generally very high

1.5 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS & PROPERTIES Flashcards

(81 cards)