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Intro to Psychology > 1.5 Consciousness > Flashcards

1.5 Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

intentionality

A

the quality of being directed towards an object

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2
Q

unity

A

resistance to divison
- the ability to integrate info from all the senses into one coherent whole
- ex movie theater

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3
Q

selectivity

A

the capacity to include some objects, but not others
- cocktail party phenomenon

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4
Q

dichotic listening

A

a task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages presented to each ear
- consciousness filters out some info

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5
Q

transience

A

the tendency to change
- the mind wanders from one thing to the next

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6
Q

is sleep ever on or off?

A

no. sleep is characterized by levels of deeper and lighter periods of sleep
- each level has a characteristic pattern of brain activity as measured by an EEG

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7
Q

high frequency (beta waves) during…

A

alertness

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8
Q

lower-frequency (alpha waves) during…

A

relaxation

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9
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

theta waves

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10
Q

stage 2 sleep

A

theta waves are interrupted by sleep spindles and k-complexes

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11
Q

stage 3 and stage 4 sleep

A

delta waves (deepest sleep stage)

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12
Q

REM sleep (what kind of waves and what is it?)

A

high frequency saw-tooth waves (similar to beta waves, which are present during wakeful times)
- REM = Rapid Eye Movement
- high level of brain activity

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13
Q

during REM sleep:

A
  • pulse quickens
  • blood pressure rises
  • dreams
  • telltale signs of sexual arousal
    muscle movements indicate that the sleep is very still
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14
Q

amount of sleep required for newborns, 6 year olds, adults?

A

newborn: more than 16 hrs of sleep per day / sleep 6 or 8 times in 24 hrs
6 year old: 11 or 12 hrs
adult: 7 hours

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15
Q

sleep to wake ratio in our lifetime in hours

A

1 sleep: 2 awake

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16
Q

what happened when the rats were sleep deprived

A

-trouble controlling body temperature
- lost weight
- ate more than normal
- their bodily systems break down and they die after about 21 days

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17
Q

how are sleep and memory connected?

A

memory deteriorates unless sleep occurs to help keep them in place

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18
Q

specific effects of REM deprivation

A
  • memory loss
  • excessive aggression
  • REM rebound (rem sleep deprivation causes a rebound of more REM sleep the next night)
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19
Q

insomnia

A
  • difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
  • most common sleep disorder
  • 6% meet criteria for diagnoses and 30-48% report symptoms
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20
Q

types of insomnia

A
  • self-induced: due to lifestyle choices
  • secondary: due to another medical condition
  • primary: no obvious causing factors
  • each type can be exacerbated by worrying about insomnia
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21
Q

sleep apnea

A
  • a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep most likely due to obstructions (snoring)
  • occurs most often in middle-aged, overweight men
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22
Q

central sleep apnea

A
  • a person stops breathing while sleeping for no reason (not because of an obstruction)
23
Q

somnambulism

A
  • sleepwalking
  • 15-40% report symptoms
  • most common in kids between 4 and 8 years old
24
Q

narcolepsy

A
  • a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities
  • uncontrollable sleep attacks ranging from 30 seconds to 30 minutes
  • straight to REM
  • genetic
  • can be treated with medication
25
sleep paralysis
- the experience of waking up unable to move - lasts several seconds to several minutes
26
night terrors
- abrupt awakenings with painc and intense emotion - most common in children - only 2% of adults
27
Hobson 5 characteristics
- we intensely feel emotion - dream thought is illogical (normal continuities of time, place, and person don't apply - sensation is fully formed and meaningful - dreaming occurs with uncritical acceptance - difficulty remembering the dream
28
Freud dream theory
- dreams are representations of unconscious wishes - dreams are a safe place for unacceptable, obscure, and confusing wishes to be expressed (wet dreams, etc.)
29
manifest content
a dream’s apparent topic or superifcal meaning
30
latent content
a dream’s true underlying meaning
31
activation-synthesis model
- Hobson & McCarley - the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep
32
depressants
- substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system - barbituates, alcohol, toxic inhalants, benzodiazepines
33
expectancy theory
- alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations - the belief that one has consumed alcohol can influence someone as much as alcohol can
34
which substance increases the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA?
alcohol
35
alcohol myopia
- a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways in complex situations
36
what substance is often prescribed as a sleep aid or anesthetic
barbituates
37
what substance is often prescribed as an anti-anxiety drug
benzodiazepines
38
what is also known as a "minor tranquilizers"
benzos
39
what happens when you mix benzos and alcohol
- respiratory depression (slow and shallow breath) - the lungs fail to exchange CO2 and O2 efficiently - leads to a build of CO2 in the lungs
40
toxic inhalants
- “Sniffing” or “huffing” glue, hair spray, nail polish remover, or gasoline - Temporary effects resemble drunkenness - Overdoes can be lethal - Continued use can cause permanent neurological damage
41
stimulants
substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels - caffeine, amphetamines, nicotine, cocaine, modafinil, ecstacy
42
what type of substance cause increased levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain?
stimulants - increases alertness and energy
43
withdrawal symptoms of stimulants
fatigue and negative emotion
44
narcotics
- highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain - heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine, demerol, oxycontin - induces a feeling of well-being and relaxation
45
what causes a substance to be addictive?
- if long term use produces both tolerance and dependence
46
hallucinogens
- drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations - LSD, PCP, Ketamine, Psilocybin, mescaline - not addictive
47
marijuana
- leaves and buds of a hemp plant - contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
48
is marijuana addictive?
no because tolerance potential is not strong
49
what type of substance is the "most addictive"?
narcotics
50
gateway drug + example
- increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful drugs - marijuana
51
self-knowledge
- having self-awareness - building an internal model of the world that contains the self - reflecting back on one's own mode of understanding - being alive and awake and aware
52
access to information
- 2 pools 1. one pool can be accessed by the systems underlying verbal reports, rational thought, and deliberate decision making 2. the other pool cannot be accessed by those systems
53
sentience
- subjective experience, phenomenal awareness, raw feels, first-person present tense - "an organism is conscious if there is something that it is like to be that organism" Thomas Nagel

Intro to Psychology (6 decks)

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