1.5: Lab Skills, etc. (start: "Other Notation")

Question 1

aqeuous

Answer 1

is dissolved in water

Question 2

mixture

Answer 2

composed of two or more different substances that can be separated by physical means

Question 3

solution

Answer 3

a homogeneous mixture

Question 4

aqueous solution

Answer 4

a solution where something is dissolved in water

Question 5

NaCl(aq) means that (2 things)

Answer 5

sodium chloride is dissolved in water and is a homogeneous mixture.

Question 6

alloy

Answer 6

a solution of two metals

Question 7

brass is made from

Answer 7

copper and zinc

Question 8

name the five ways to separate substances in a mixture

Answer 8

• gravitational and vacuum filtration
• distillation
• chromatography
• extraction (water and oil)
• Crystallization (salt out of water)

Question 9

extraction

Answer 9

when two or more liquids have different polarities they will not mix and can be separated with a separatory funnel.

Question 10

alloy (mixtures)

Answer 10

a mixture of two or more metals, heated before they can mix, and then cooled.

Question 11

separation factors: chromatography:

Answer 11

density and polarity

separation using a mobile and stationary phase

Question 12

separation factors: distillation:

Answer 12

boiling point

separation of 2 or more liquids

Question 13

sep. factors: filtration

Answer 13

particle size

separation of a solid and a liquid

Question 14

sep. factors: dissolving

Answer 14

solubility

Question 15

sep. factors: crystalization

Answer 15

freezing point

Question 16

If both parts of a solution are in the same phase, which is the solvent and solute?

Answer 16

solvent: greater mass(solid) greater volume (gas/liquid)
solute: lower mass (solid) lower volume (gas/liquid)

Question 17

desalination:

Answer 17

separation of salts from water

Question 18

Name at least five forms of energy:

Answer 18

light, electromagnetic, mechanical, solar, geothermal, nuclear, chemical, electrical, heat/thermal

Question 19

what are the four forms of energy most used in chemistry?

Answer 19

nuclear, chemical, electrical, and thermal/heat

Question 20

what two factors control the amount of kinetic energy in particles?

Answer 20

how fast the particles are moving and how many particles there are

Question 21

thermal energy + formula

Answer 21

the total kinetic energy of all the combined particles.

KE = 1/2 mv^2 (m=mass, v=velocity)

Question 22

Will different masses of the same substance have different thermal energies?

Answer 22

yes, thermal energy is dependent on mass.

SAMPLE SIZE MATTERS

Question 23

is there a formula for potential energy?

Answer 23

no, it is not measurable

Question 24

heat

Answer 24

the transfer of energy (usually thermal) from a body of high to low temperature

Question 25

thermal energy is associated with the...

Answer 25

random movement of particles

Question 26

q =

Answer 26

heat/energy

Question 27

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 27

energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 28

specific heat capacity (symbol and def.)

Answer 28

(c)J/g The rate at which heat will be absorbed.

Question 29

formula to calculate quantity of heat absorbed

Answer 29

q = mc(delta-T)

Question 30

temperature

Answer 30

measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of material

Question 31

is temperature a form of energy

Answer 31

NO!!!!!!!!

Question 32

what are the two temp. scales used in chemistry?

Answer 32

Celsius and Kelvin, the absolute scale

Question 33

formula for converting from kelvin to celsius

Answer 33

K = C + 273

Question 34

the temperature during a phase change...

Answer 34

will not change

Question 35

Matter is a ...

Answer 35

...rearrangement of particles of a substance

Question 36

endothermic phase change

Answer 36

when heat is ADDED to push molecules further apart

Question 37

exothermic phase change

Answer 37

when heat is released and molecules come closer together

Question 38

sublimation

Answer 38

phase change from a SOLID to a GAS without the liquid phase | ex: dry ice and solid iodine

Question 39

what is sublimation caused by?

Answer 39

weak intermolecular forces of attraction --> the bonds between molecules, very weak

Question 40

intramolecular forces of attraction

Answer 40

bonds BETWEEN atoms, not molecules

Question 41

triple point

Answer 41

temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.

Question 42

critical point

Answer 42

between vapor-liquids, above which the two distinct phases do not exist.

Question 43

deposition

Answer 43

gas to solid

Question 44

A change in phase is a change in ____ energy

Answer 44

potential

Question 45

equilibrium phase change

Answer 45

the rate that phase change is occurring from one phase to the other and vice versa is equal

Question 46

Potential energy is _____ during a single phase

Answer 46

constant

Question 47

Heat of fusion

Answer 47

amount of heat energy required to change a given amount of solid to a liquid

Question 48

heat of vaporization

Answer 48

amount of heat energy required to change a given amount of liquid to a gas

Question 49

melting point is ___ _____ as freezing point

Answer 49

the same`

Question 50

physical change

Answer 50

the rearrangement of existing particles in a substance

Question 51

chemical change

Answer 51

bonds are breaking and reforming into new substances, with changed properties.

Question 52

examples of physical change

Answer 52

- phase changes (subliming) | - dissolving

Question 53

name the five kinds of chemical reactions

Answer 53

- synthesis (dehydration synth.) - decomposition - single replacement - double replacement - combustion (burning)

Question 54

what are the two products of combustion

Answer 54

water and carbon dioxide

Question 55

chemical changes occur when...

Answer 55

... there is a new substance formed with diff. properties and there is a change in energy

Question 56

name the five evidences of chemical change

Answer 56

- precipitate forms - temperature change - change in color - solids no longer exist - production of a gas (bubbling, fizzing)