15. Muscles of Forearm Flashcards

(126 cards)

1
Q

Identify

A
  1. Pronator teres muscle
  2. Pronator quadratus muscle
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2
Q

Identify 2. O & I

A
  1. Pronator quadratus muscle

Origin (proximal): arises from the medial aspect of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna.

Insertion (distal): The distal fourth of the lateral border and anterior surface of the shaft of the radius.

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3
Q

Identify 1. O & I

A
  1. Pronator teres muscle

Origin (proximal): The pronator teres has 2 heads.

  • The humeral head arises immediately above the medial epicondyle from the common flexor tendon, intermuscular septum, and antebrachial fascia.
  • The ulnar head arises from the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna.

Insertion (distal): The pronator teres inserts about midway along the lateral surface of the radius.

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4
Q

Identify 1. Action

A
  1. Pronator teres muscle

Action: The pronator teres rotates the radius on the ulna (pronation) and helps flex the forearm at the elbow.

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5
Q

Identify 1. Innervation

A
  1. Pronator teres muscle

→ the median nerve (pronator teres—C6 and C7)

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6
Q

Identify 2. O & I

A
  1. Pronator quadratus muscle

Origin (proximal): arises from the medial aspect of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna.

Insertion (distal): The distal fourth of the lateral border and anterior surface of the shaft of the radius.

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7
Q

Identify 2. Action

A
  1. Pronator quadratus muscle

The pronator quadratus pronates the hand.

→ It is assisted by the pronator teres when additional power is required.

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8
Q

Identify 2. Innervation

A
  1. Pronator quadratus muscle

→ the median nerve (pronator teres—C6 and C7; pronator quadratus—C8 and T1).

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9
Q

Origin (proximal): The pronator teres has 2 heads.

  1. The humeral head arises immediately above ____ from the common flexor tendon, intermuscular septum, and antebrachial fascia.
  2. The ulnar head arises from the medial side of ____
A
  1. the medial epicondyle
  2. the coronoid process of the ulna.
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10
Q

Which muscle is the deepest muscle of forearm?

A

The pronator quadratus

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11
Q

Origin (proximal): The pronator teres has 2 heads.

  1. The humeral head arises immediately above ____ from the common flexor tendon, intermuscular septum, and antebrachial fascia.
  2. The ulnar head arises from the medial side of ____
A
  1. the medial epicondyle
  2. the coronoid process of the ulna.
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12
Q

Identify

A
  1. Flexor carpi radialis muscle
  2. Head of radius
  3. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  4. Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
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13
Q

The role of The radial extensors?

A

The radial extensors help the flexor carpi radialis abduct the wrist.

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14
Q

Identify 1. O & I

A
  1. Flexor carpi radialis muscle
  2. Head of radius
  3. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  4. Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
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15
Q

Identify 1. Action

A
  1. Flexor carpi radialis muscle

Action: Flexes the hand at the wrist joint and aids in wrist abduction.

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16
Q

Identify 1. Innervation

A
  1. Flexor carpi radialis muscle

Innervation: Median nerve (C6 and C7).

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17
Q

Identify 1 - 2

A
  1. Palmaris longus muscle
  2. Radius
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18
Q

Identify 1. Action

A
  1. Palmaris longus muscle

Action: Flexes the hand at the wrist and tightens the palmar aponeurosis.

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19
Q

Identify 3 - 5

A
  1. Palmar aponeurosis (cut)
  2. Hook of hamate
  3. Pisiform bone
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20
Q

Identify 6

A
  1. Ulna
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21
Q

Identify 1. O & I

A
  1. Palmaris longus muscle

Origin (proximal): arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus by the common flexor tendon and the antebrachial (forearm) fascia.

Insertion (distal): Inserts into the anterior aspect of the distal flexor retinaculum and into the palmar aponeurosis.

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22
Q

Identify 1. Innervation

A
  1. Palmaris longus muscle

Median nerve (C6 and C7).

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23
Q

____ (which nerve?) lies just lateral to the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle before entering the carpal tunnel.

A

The median nerve

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24
Q

The median nerve lies just lateral to the tendon of ____ (which muscle?) before entering the carpal tunnel.

A

Palmaris longus muscle

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25
The **median nerve** lies just lateral to the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle before entering ____ (space?)
the carpal tunnel
26
Identify
1. **Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle** 2. Tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle 3. Medial epicondyle of humerus 4. Common flexor tendon 5. 5th metacarpa
27
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle** 2. Tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle 3. Medial epicondyle of humerus 4. Common flexor tendon 5. 5th metacarpa
28
The role of The ulnar extensor?
The ulnar extensor helps the flexor carpi ulnaris adduct the hand at the wrist.
29
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle** **Action:** Flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist.
30
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle** **Innervation:** Ulnar nerve (C7 and C8).
31
\_\_\_ (nerve?) runs between the heads of **Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle** as it courses toward the wrist. The 2 heads of **Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle** join just below \_\_\_
the ulnar nerve
32
**Origin (proximal): Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle** has 2 heads. * The humeral head arises from ___ by the common flexor tendon. * The ulnar head arises from ____ and \_\_\_\_
* the medial epicondyle of the humerus * the medial margin of the olecranon; posterior border of the ulna.
33
Identify
**Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle** Flexor pollicis longus muscle Flexor digitorum profundus tendons
34
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle** **Origin (proximal): Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle** arises by 2 heads * The humeroulnar head arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the ulnar collateral ligament, and the coronoid process of the ulna. * The radial head arises from the superior half of the anterior aspect of the radius. **Insertion (distal):** Four tendons of insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis attach to the bodies of the middle phalanges of the medial 4 digits (index finger to little finger).
35
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle** **Action:** * This muscle acts primarily as a flexor of the proximal interphalangeal joints. * contributes to flexion of all the joints it crosses, including the elbow, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal joints.
36
Identify 1. **Innervation**
**Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle** **Innervation:** Median nerve (C7, C8, and T1).
37
**Comment:** Opposite the bases of the 1st phalanges, each tendon of **Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle** divides to allow the corresponding tendon of the deep flexor (\_\_\_ muscle) to reach each finger.
**Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle** Flexor pollicis longus muscle Flexor digitorum profundus tendons
38
Identify
1. **Flexor digitorum profundus muscle** 2. Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (cut away) 3. Flexor digitorum profundus tendons
39
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Flexor digitorum profundus muscle** **Origin (proximal):** arises from the proximal three-fourths of the medial and anterior aspects of the ulna and from the interosseous membrane. **Insertion (distal):** Four tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus attach to the bases of the distal phalanges of the medial 4 digits (index finger to little finger).
40
Identify 1. Action
1. **Flexor digitorum profundus muscle** **Action:** * The primary action of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints. * Some flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joints, the metacarpophalangeal joints, and the wrist *(because its tendons cross those joints.)*
41
**Flexor digitorum profundus muscle** also produces some flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joints, the metacarpophalangeal joints, and the wrist → WHY?
because its tendons cross those joints.
42
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Flexor digitorum profundus muscle** **Innervation:** Proximal to the wrist, the flexor digitorum profundus muscle divides into 2 parts. * The medial part is innervated by the **ulnar nerve** (C8 and T1). * The lateral portion of the muscle is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the **median nerve** (C8 and T1).
43
**Flexor digitorum profundus muscle** **Innervation:** Proximal to the wrist, the flexor digitorum profundus muscle divides into 2 parts. 1. The medial part is innervated by the \_\_\_\_. 2. The lateral portion of the muscle is innervated by \_\_\_
1. **ulnar nerve** (C8 and T1) 2. the anterior interosseous branch of the **median nerve** (C8 and T1).
44
Identify
**Flexor pollicis longus muscle** Interosseous membrane Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
45
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Flexor pollicis longus muscle** **Origin (proximal): Flexor pollicis longus muscle** arises from anterior aspect of the radius and adjacent interosseous membrane. **Insertion (distal):** Flexor pollicis longus muscle inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.
46
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Flexor pollicis longus muscle** **Action:** * The primary action of the flexor pollicis longus muscle is flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb. * The muscle also can flex the proximal phalanx because its tendon crosses that joint.
47
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Flexor pollicis longus muscle** **Innervation:** Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8, and T1).
48
Identify
1. **Supinator muscle** 2. Pronator teres muscle 3. Ulna 4. Pronator quadratus muscle 5. Radius 6. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
49
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Supinator muscle** **Origin (proximal): Supinator muscle** arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus **Insertion (distal):** Inserts into the lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of the proximal third of the radius.
50
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Supinator muscle** **Action:** The supinator rotates the radius to supinate the forearm and hand. Supination occurs whether the forearm is flexed or extended.
51
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Supinator muscle** **Innervation:** Deep branch of the radial nerve (C5 and C6).
52
The most powerful supinator of the forearm is (1)\_\_\_\_\_ which acts primarily when the forearm is flexed. In contrast, the (2)\_\_\_ can supinate a forearm that is flexed or extended.
1. the biceps brachii 2. supinator
53
\_\_\_\_ (ARTERY?) passes through the supinator, serving as its major blood supply.
The posterior interosseous artery
54
Identify 1. O & I
**1. Brachioradialis muscle** **Origin (proximal):** the lateral supracondylar ridge of the distal humerus and intermuscular septum. **Insertion (distal):** lateral aspect of the distal radius just proximal to the styloid process.
55
Identify 1. Action?
**1. Brachioradialis muscle** **Action:** Brachioradialis muscle is an accessory flexor of the forearm at the elbow.
56
Identify 1. **Innervation**?
**1. Brachioradialis muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (C5 and C6), before it divides into its superficial and deep branches.
57
Is the brachioradialis extensor or supinator?
It is not an extensor or supinator. → It is a weak flexor of the forearm at the elbow and is most efficient as a flexor when the forearm is in midpronation.
58
Identify 2 - 3
2. Radial artery 3. Median nerve
59
Identify 4 - 5
4. Ulnar artery 5. Ulnar nerve
60
Identify 6
Palmaris longus muscle
61
Identify 7
7. Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
62
Identify 8 - 9
8. Flexor carpi radialis muscle 9. Pronator teres muscle
63
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor carpi radialis longus muscl**e arises from lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. **Insertion (distal):** Attaches to the base of the 2nd metacarpal.
64
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle** **Action:** Extends and abducts the hand at the wrist joint.
65
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (C6 and C7).
66
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle arises just distal to (1)\_\_\_\_ (muscle?) Its belly ends in the proximal third of the forearm. Its flat tendon continues distally along the lateral border of the radius beneath (2) ____ (2 muscles?)
1. **the brachioradialis muscle.** 2. the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles.
67
Identify 2 - 3
2. Tendon of extensor carpi radialis longus muscle 3. Tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
68
Identify 4 - 5
4. Abductor pollicis longus muscle 5. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
69
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle** arises from lateral epicondyle of the humerus. **Insertion (distal):** Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle inserts on the base of the 3rd metacarpal bone.
70
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (deep branch) (C7 and C8).
71
The extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle is shorter and thicker than (1)\_\_\_ (MUSCLE?), which partially covers it. Occasionally, both muscles form a single belly that gives rise to 2 tendons. This muscle is important for a power grip (a **power grip** requires wrist extension).
**the extensor carpi radialis longus**
72
Which movement of wrist that is required for a power grip?
wrist extension
73
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle** **Action:** Extends and abducts the hand at the wrist joint.
74
Identify 1
1. **Extensor digitorum muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor digitorum muscle arises** from lateral epicondyle of the humerus. **Insertion (distal):** Extensor digitorum muscles insert as extensor expansions of the medial 4 digits (index finger to little finger).
75
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Extensor digitorum muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor digitorum muscle arises** from lateral epicondyle of the humerus. **Insertion (distal):** Extensor digitorum muscles insert as extensor expansions of the medial 4 digits (index finger to little finger).
76
Identify 1
1. **Extensor digitorum muscle** **Action:** * extension at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. * also participates in wrist extension when the fingers are extended.
77
Identify 1. Nerve?
1. **Extensor digitorum muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8).
78
The tendons of the extensor digitorum pass through (1)\_\_\_ and to the extensor expansions of the medial 4 digits. Occasionally, this muscle has only 3 tendons instead of 4. Often, (2)\_\_\_ is attached to the extensor digitorum.
1. the extensor retinaculum 2. the extensor digiti minimi
79
Identify 2 - 4
2. Abductor pollicis longus muscle 3. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle 4. Extensor pollicis longus tendon
80
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Extensor digiti minimi muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor digiti minimi muscle** arises from lateral epicondyle of the humerus. **Insertion (distal):** Extensor digiti minimi muscle inserts as an extensor expansion of the 5th digit.
81
Identify 1. Action
1. **Extensor digiti minimi muscle** **Action:** * Extends the 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. * also participates in wrist extension when the fingers are extended.
82
Identify 2- 4
2. Common extensor tendon 3. Lateral epicondyle of humerus 4. Ulna
83
Identify 5 - 6
5. Extensor digiti minimi tendon 6. Extensor indicis tendon
84
Identify 1
1. **Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** has 2 heads. One head arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and the other arises from the posterior border of the ulna. **Insertion (distal):** Attaches to the medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal.
85
Identify 2 - 4
2. Abductor pollicis longus tendon 3. Extensor pollicis brevis tendon 4. Extensor pollicis longus tendon
86
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** has 2 heads. One head arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and the other arises from the posterior border of the ulna. **Insertion (distal):** Attaches to the medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal.
87
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** **Action:** Extends and adducts the hand at the wrist joint.
88
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch (C7 and C8).
89
1. **Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle** has 2 heads. * One head arises from \_\_\_\_, and the other arises from \_\_\_
* The lateral epicondyle of the humerus * the posterior border of the ulna.
90
3 muscles necessary for a power grip
* the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles * the extensor carpi ulnaris
91
Identify 1 - 2
1. **Abductor pollicis longus muscle** 2. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
92
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Abductor pollicis longus muscle** **Origin (proximal): Abductor pollicis longus muscle** arises from posterior aspect of the ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane. **Insertion (distal):** Attaches to the base of the 1st metacarpal bone.
93
Identify 1. Action?
1. **Abductor pollicis longus muscle** **Action:** * Abducts, extends, and laterally rotates the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint. * It also may contribute to abduction of the wrist.
94
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Abductor pollicis longus muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8).
95
Identify 1 - 2
1. **Abductor pollicis longus muscle** 2. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
96
Identify 3 - 4
3. Extensor pollicis longus tendon 4. 1st dorsal interosseous muscle
97
Identify 5 - 7
5. Extensor indicis tendon 6. Extensor digitorum tendons 7. Abductor digiti minimi muscle
98
Identify 8 - 9
8. Extensor digiti minimi muscle 9. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
99
When the thumb is abducted, the tendon of (1)\_\_\_\_ **(muscle?)** becomes prominent and forms the lateral boundary of the (2)\_\_\_\_ ***(space?)***
1. the abductor pollicis longus 2. **“anatomical snuffbox.”**
100
Identify 1 - 2
1. **Extensor pollicis brevis muscle** 2. Abductor pollicis longus muscle
101
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Extensor pollicis brevis muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor pollicis brevis muscle** arises from the posterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane. **Insertion (distal):** Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
102
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Extensor pollicis brevis muscle** **Action:** * Extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint. * By its continued action, it also can extend the 1st metacarpal bone at the carpometacarpal joint.
103
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Extensor pollicis brevis muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8).
104
The extensor pollicis brevis muscle, a short extensor of the thumb, courses with (1)\_\_\_\_ (muscle?). → The tendons of the 2 muscles form part of the lateral boundary of (2)\_\_\_\_ (space?)
1. the abductor pollicis longus muscle 2. the **“anatomical snuffbox.”**
105
Identify 3 - 4
3. Radius 4. Supinator muscle
106
Identify 5 - 6
5. Anconeus muscle 6. Ulna
107
Identify 7
7. Extensor indicis muscle
108
Identify 8 - 9
8. Extensor retinaculum 9. Radial artery (in anatomical snuff box)
109
Identify 1 - 2
1. **Extensor pollicis longus muscle** 2. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (retracted)
110
Identify 1. O & I
1. **Extensor pollicis longus muscle** **Origin (proximal): Extensor pollicis longus muscle** arises from posterior surface of the middle third of the ulna and the interosseous membrane. **Insertion (distal):** Attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.
111
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Extensor pollicis longus muscle** **Action:** * Extends the distal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. * contribute to abduction of the thumb. *(Because it runs in an oblique fashion)*
112
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Extensor pollicis longus muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8).
113
Which artery can be found at the **“anatomical snuffbox?"**
The radial artery
114
Which bone lies in the floor of the snuffbox?
1. **scaphoid and trapezium carpal bone**
115
Identify 3 - 5
3. Lateral epicondyle of humerus 4. Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle 5. Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
116
Identify 6
6. Interosseous membrane
117
The anatomical snuffbox is bounded * laterally by \_\_\_ * medially by \_\_\_\_. * ____ lies in the floor of the snuffbox
* the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles * the extensor pollicis longus tendon * The scaphoid carpal bone
118
Identify 1. **Action**
1. **Extensor indicis muscle** **Action:** Extends all the joints of the index finger. It can help other extensors extend the wrist.
119
Identify 1. **Innervation**
1. **Extensor indicis muscle** **Innervation:** Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8).
120
The extensor indicis muscle, a narrow, elongated muscle, lies medial and parallel to ___ (MUSCLE?). It permits the index finger to extend independently of the other fingers.
the extensor pollicis longus muscle
121
Identify 1 - 2
1. Pronator teres muscle 2. Supinator muscle
122
Identify 3 - 5
3. Flexor carpi radialis muscle 4. Flexor pollicis longus muscle 5. Extensor digitorum muscle
123
Identify 6
6. Pronator quadratus muscle
124
Identify 7 - 9
7. Flexor digitorum profundus muscle 8. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 9. Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
125
Muscles of the anterior, or flexor, compartment of the forearm are innervated largely by \_\_\_\_ Only the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus are innervated \_\_\_\_
* the median nerve and its branches. * by the ulnar nerve and its branches.
126
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by \_\_\_
the radial nerve and its branches.