1.5-nucleic acids Flashcards
(17 cards)
what are nucleotides made of?
-1 or more phosphate group
-pentose sugar
-organic base which contains nitrogen
-by a condensation reaction
what is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
the major enerygy currency of the cell
-provides energy for most reactions in most cells
what is ATP made of?
-three phosphates
-ribose
-adenine
what does ATPase do?
break the bond between the middle and last phosphate group to release energy
what term describes the adding of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP?
phosphorylation
what is an exergonic reaction?
-energy is released
-e.g. ATP–>ADP+Pi
what is an endergonic reaction?
-energy is needed
-e.g. ADP–>ATP
where is ATP produced?
cytoplasm
mitochondria (matrix/inner membranes)
chloroplast (thylakoid membranes)
why is ATP needed for metabolic processes?
to build large complex molecules from smaller simple ones (synthesis of DNA from nucleotides and polypeptides fron amino acids)wht
why is ATP needed for active transport?
to change the shape of the carrier proteins to allow mlecules and ions to be transported again the concentration gradient
why is ATP needed for movement?
for muscle contraction
why is ATP needed for nerve transmission?
sodium-potassium pumps actively transport sodium and potassium ions across the axon cell membrane
why is ATP needed or secretion?
the packaging and transport of secretory products into vesicles in cells
what process require ATP?
muscle contraction
nerve transmission
active transport
secretion
metabolic processes
why is the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP an advanatage?
it involves a single reaction that immediately releases energy
-compared to the breakdown of glucose which involves a number of intermediates and takes much longer for energy to be released
why is the use of ATPase an advantage?
-only one enzyme is needed to release energy compared to glucose which needs multiple
why is ATP releasing small amounts of energy an advantage?/
