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8th History > 150 Test Study Guide > Flashcards

150 Test Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

To have more gold and spices to get rich with

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

Company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

First English Settlement in America

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4
Q

John Smith

A

1st governor of Jamestown for the first 2 years

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Native American woman that married John Rolfe and went to the colonial settlement at Jamestown

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

first succeeded the making of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia.

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Saved Jamestown

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

People had shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Colony of pilgrims

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists who came to colonies for religious freedom

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

The ship the pilgrims sailed in to get to the “new world”

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

first governing document of the pilgrims

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

Leader of the pilgrims for over 30 years

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Two NA’s that befriended some pilgrims and showed them how to grow crops

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who wanted reform

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Colony based on the Bible

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

The groups governer

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Formed Rhode Island

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

Series of hearing and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many were falsely accused and killed

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20
Q

William Penn

A

A quaker that write Pennsylvanias constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Tolerant in other people’s beliefs

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refuse to fight in wars or use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

First governor of Georgia

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

religious movement among American colonial Protestants in the 1730s and 1740s

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

System in which slaves,crops,and goods were traded between Africa,the Caribbean,and American colonies

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A

All were presented by and suggested by Benjerman Franklin for political purposes

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27
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

a New York printer and was an important step toward this most precious freedom for American colonists

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28
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

Failure of the Albany Plan of Union

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Great Britain signs this which halted Western Expansion by settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease the NA’s

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30
Q

The Sugar Act

A

Loward the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling

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31
Q

The Stamp Act

A

Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies

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32
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

Fight breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers and 5 people dead in the end

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33
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

A group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty and got on a trading ship and unloaded all the tea into Boston Harber

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34
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

These acts closed BH until the tea was paid for

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35
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Governor of Virginia

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36
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

Leader of this group

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37
Q

John Hancock

A

Patriot of the American Revolution

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38
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

He called for the colonies to have complete independence from GB

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39
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

July 4, 1776
National Archives
Thomas Jefferson
stated certain ideals that the colonists believed were important for man to have, such as liberty and equality

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40
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War

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41
Q

Loyalists

A

People that remain loyal to Britain

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42
Q

Patriots

A

People who favored independence

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43
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.

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44
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point of the war

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45
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

Time of terrible suffering without decent food,clothing or shelter for Washington and his troops

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46
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

Where the British surrendered to the US

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47
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

General in the ARW

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48
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war

A

George Washington

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49
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

French military officer

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50
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

American military officer

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51
Q

Francis Marion

A

military officer who served in the American Revolutionary War

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52
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

Hit and run

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53
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Ended the F and I war

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54
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States

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55
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution

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56
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787

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57
Q

The Great Compromise

A

provided a dual system of congressional representation

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58
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

compromise reached between state delegates during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention

59
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A

James Madison
1787
national government and divides power between the federal government and the states

60
Q

Bill of Rights

A

first ten amendments to the US Constitution

61
Q

1st Amendment

A

freedom of speech,press,assembly,religion,and petition

62
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Right to own firearms

63
Q

4th Amendment

A

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause

64
Q

5th Amendment

A

Natural rights can’t be deprived without due to process of law

65
Q

6th Amendment

A

Right to speedy,public trial by an important jury

66
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A

Legislative-makes laws
Executive-carries out laws
Jewishal-questions the laws

67
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal gov’t

68
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Sec. of Tresuary

69
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Alien-allowed president to deport aliens

Sedition-crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the gov’t

70
Q

John Sevier

A

American soldier and politician

71
Q

Natchez Trace

A

Important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville

72
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Landmark court case that established judicial review

73
Q

Judicial review

A

Court can nullify actions of other branches

74
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Supreme Court case over states rights

75
Q

Election of 1800

A

first time that power in America passed from one party to another

76
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803

77
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States

78
Q

Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake

A

naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 June 1807, between the British warship HMS Leopard and the American frigate USS Chesapeake

79
Q

War Hawks from the War of 1812

A

John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay

80
Q

War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

A

The British burn Washington, DC in retaliation for the burning of York
The Battle of Fort McHenry was fought September 13/14, 1814, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Having defeated Napoleon in early 1814 and removed the French emperor from power, the British were able to turn their full attention to the war with the United States
battle fought in New Orleans where the Americans, and Jean Lafitte and his pirates, all under the command of General Andrew Jackson, defeated the British

81
Q

The Star Spangled Banner

A

The lyrics come from “ Defence of Fort M’Henry”, a poem written on September 14, 1814 by Francis Scott Key

82
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823

83
Q

Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration

A

People left Ireland because they needed new fertile soil to farm

84
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

A

women’s rights movement

85
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840

86
Q

Capitalism

A

economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

87
Q

Free Enterprise System

A

economic system where a government places very few restrictions on the types of business activities or ownership

88
Q

Supply and Demand

A

amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it

89
Q

Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s

A

Cotton or tobacco

90
Q

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important

A

Picked the seeds out of cotton faster

greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber

91
Q

Urban vs Rural

A

Urban-cities

Rural-villages

92
Q

Wilderness Road

A

two principal routes used by colonial and early national era settlers to reach Kentucky from the East

93
Q

Daniel Boone

A

American pioneer

94
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

Daniel Boone was hired to blaze a trail beginning in Southwest Virginia through Cumberland Gap known as the Wilderness Road

95
Q

The Corrupt Bargain

A

Clay, the Speaker of the House at the time, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State

96
Q

Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank

A

Practice of replacing gov’t employees with the winning candidates supporters

97
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands.

98
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Relocation and Movement of Cherokee from GA to DK

99
Q

Sequoyah

A

creator of the Cherokee writing system

100
Q

William Henry Harrison’s Presidency

A

Shortest presidency-32 days

101
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Belief the America should extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean

102
Q

Texas Rebellion

A

Stephen F. Austin recruited 300 American families to help him settle land in Mexico

103
Q

The Alamo – battle significance

A

Defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans some much needed time

104
Q

Davy Crockett

A

Backwoods man from TN who volunteered to fight at the Alamo

105
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest

106
Q

James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?

A

Declared independence in Mexico in 1836

107
Q

Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession

A

In February 1848, the two countries signed the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. The treaty recognized Texas as a U.S. state, and ceded a large chunk of land — about half the area that belonged to the Mexican republic — to the United States for the cost of $15 million.

108
Q

John Sutter and the California Gold Rush

A

Obtained land in Cali and it had more than doubled the worlds supply of gold

109
Q

Brigham Young

A

American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement, politician, and a settler in the Western United States

110
Q

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

A

Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted

111
Q

John Brown

A

militant abolitionist known for his raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859

112
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Helped save 600 slaves to lead them to freedom and is the conductor of the Underground Railroad

113
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Where slaves would rest and to hide during the day and at night would leave and get closer to a free state

114
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Most well known AA abolitionists

115
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

anti-slavery novel

116
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Required all citizens to catch runaway slaves in 1850

117
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US

118
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery

119
Q

Sumner-Brooks Incident

A

Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against those for slavery

Rep. Preston Brooks walked into the senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane

120
Q

Raid on Harper’s Ferry

A

John Brown led 18 men on a raid to attack a weapon storage facility

121
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford

A

Case that was held with Scott saying that he was born in a slave free state but brought into a slave state and then saying he has every right to go back and his owner Sandford is saying that he can’t because he owns Scott as a slave and slaves can’t go back then Sandford wins the case which divided the country even more

122
Q

Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech

A

Topic was about slavery and Douglass won because of a narrow victory while Lincoln lost the election he gained positive national attention which later on lead him to the White House

123
Q

Election of 1860

A

Lincoln promises not to disturb slavery where it all ready exists, but people in the South did not trust him

124
Q

Causes of the Civil War

A

issue of slavery and political control

125
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Norths facility and the south opens fire on all sides until the north surrendered

126
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

General for the North

127
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Commander for the South

128
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

General for the south

129
Q

First Battle of Bull Run

A

two months after Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter to begin the Civil War, the northern press and public were eager for the Union Army to make an advance on Richmond ahead of the planned meeting of the Confederate Congress there on July 20.

130
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War

131
Q

54th Massachusetts

A

extensive service in the Union Army during the American Civil War

132
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg

A

Lee plans this attack that he was hoping to create a panic and destroy the army

133
Q

The Battle of Vicksburg

A

final major military action

134
Q

Shermans March to the Sea

A

Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman led the Western army to Atlanta and after burning that place he began their “march” to Savannah, GA

135
Q

Lee Surrendering to Grant

A

Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House

136
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery in 1865

137
Q

14th Amendment

A

Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the US including AA’s in 1866

138
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave AA men the right to vote in 1870

139
Q

Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death

A

Fords Theater
John Wilkes Booth
Petersen House

140
Q

10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction

A

10% plan-forgiving on the south

RR-wanted a harsher readmission process

141
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

Agency that helped AA’s make the transition to freedom

142
Q

Segregation

A

action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people

143
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Laws the required AA’s and whites to be separated in almost every place in the south

144
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

The STUPIDEST largest anti AA terroist group IN THE STUPID SOUTH(THX ALOT)

8th History (15 decks)

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