vaccines and herd immunity

Question 1

what is passive immunity ?

Answer 1

when you don’t create the antibodies yourself . they are introduced into you.pathogen dont enter body so plasma and memory cells are never made .
no long term immunity

Question 2

give an example of passive immunity

Answer 2

a baby getting antibodies through mothers breastmilk

Question 3

what is active immunity ?

Answer 3

antibodies created by your own body caused by exposure to antigen or pathogen .

Question 4

what is natural active immunity ?

Answer 4

following infections and the creation of the bodies own antibodies and memory cells .

Question 5

what is artificial active immunity

Answer 5

following the introduction of a weakened version of a pathogen or antigens via a vaccine

Question 6

what happens when the body is exposed to antigens by vaccines ?

Answer 6

activates B cell to go through clonal selection
B cells undergo mitosis to make large number of cells .thee differentiate into plasma cells of B memory cells .plasma cells make antibodies ,B memory cells can divide rapidly into B plasma cells when reinfected with the same pathogen to make large numbers of antibodies rapidly

Question 7

how long can memory B cells live inside your body ?

Answer 7

decades

Question 8

how long can plasma cells live in your body ?

Answer 8

they are short lived

Question 9

how memory B cells protect against pathogens ?

Answer 9

if they collide with an antigen they have encountered before then they divide by mitosis ,making plasma cells .so pathogen is destoryed before any symptoms occur.

Question 10

what type of immunity do B memory cells provide ?

Answer 10

active

Question 11

explain herd immunity ?

Answer 11

if enough people in the population are vaccinated then the pathogen can not spread easily among the population and aids protection to those who cant get a vaccine