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social psychology > Attitude formation and change > Flashcards

Attitude formation and change Flashcards

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1
Q

An evaluation of an object along a positive-negative dimension is

A

Attitude

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2
Q

Consciously accessible attitudes that are controllable and easy to report is

A

explicit attitudes

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3
Q

Unconscious associations between objects and evaluative responses is

A

implicit attitudes

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4
Q

Attitudes are made up of …..component

A

Cognitive, affective and conative

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5
Q

Those attitudes based primarily on people’s beliefs about the properties of an attitude object are referred to as

A

Cognitively based attitudes

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6
Q

If you buy a car based on how durable and fast it is and not how nice it looks we can see that your attitude is

A

Cognitively based

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7
Q

Attitudes based on people’s feelings and values is called

A

affectively based attitudes

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8
Q

Humans are born with attitude, true or false?

A

False

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9
Q

Attitudes are acquired through…

A

social learning and personal experience

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10
Q

A new learned response by linking two stimuli is called

A

Classical conditioning

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11
Q

instrumental conditioning is also referred to as

A

operant conditioning

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12
Q

When individuals receive social approval for their attitudes and behaviors, these become reinforced and strengthened. What conditioning is this?

A

instrumental conditioning

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13
Q

media exposure influencing attitude is an example of

A

observational learning

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14
Q

A parent teaching their child to be aggressive by instructing him or her to hit back when hit is a typical example of…

A

direct instructions

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15
Q

Attitudes formed through experience are ….. than those derived from others through indirect experience.

A

stronger

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16
Q

Attitudes formed through indirect experience are more ……. to change.

A

resistant

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17
Q

Two functions of attitude ….

A

Knowledge and self expression

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18
Q

A rating scale used to measure, opinions, attitudes, or behaviors is called

A

Likert scale

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19
Q

A likert scale consists of a statement or a question, followed by a series of about how many answer statements

A

5 or 7

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20
Q

The University of Ghana’s course and lecturer evaluation is a typical example of what type of scale?

A

Likert Scale

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21
Q

Social attitudes always predict behavior. True or false?

A

False

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22
Q

Strong attitudes are better predictors of behavior than weak attitudes. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

An important factor in determining attitude intensity is

A

Vested interest

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24
Q

Accessible attitudes are less likely to determine behavior….true or false?

A

false

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25
Q

We can understand how attitudes guide behavior using ….

A

theories of reasoned thought and planned behavior

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26
Q

Efforts to change others’ attitude thy itch the use of various kinds of messages is called?

A

Persuasion

27
Q

Attitude change is assumed to follow a series of stages namely…..

A

paying attention, comprehending and accepting the message

28
Q

Four factors that influence persuasion are…

A

the communicator
the message
the medium
the audience

29
Q

Credibility is based on two factors namely….

A

Expertise and trustworthiness

30
Q

The amount of knowledge a communicator is assumed to possess is

A

expertise

31
Q

the perceived intention of the communicator to deceive is

A

trustworthiness

32
Q

The delayed effect that a low credible source has on attitude change is called

A

sleeper effect

33
Q

Overtime, people forget where they heard a message from and are bony influenced by the message content only. True or false?

A

True

34
Q

It has been suggested that and attractive communicator can be more persuasive than an unattractive one. True or false?

A

True

35
Q

Similarity is not crucial in enhancing persuasion, true or false?

A

false

36
Q

Less intelligent people are easier to persuade. True or false?

A

true

37
Q

People with higher social approval are easier to persuade. True or false?

A

True…basically people pleasers

38
Q

Those with moderate self esteem are easier to persuade than those with low self esteem because they do not pay attention enough to be persuaded.True or false?

A

True

39
Q

Persons with high self esteem are easy/difficult to persuade?

A

difficult

40
Q

Smaller groups lead to greater persuasion than bigger ones. True or false?

A

False

41
Q

The youth are more susceptible to persuasion than the old. True or false?

A

True

42
Q

Happy people are more easily persuaded. True or false?

A

True

43
Q

When you make a small reasonable request after your target agrees to the request however, you follow up with a larger request what is this technique of persuasion called?

A

Foot in the door

44
Q

first, you are offered a very reasonable deal, and when you accept it, the deal is changed for the worse but you have come too far to resist. What kind of persuasion technique is this?

A

Low ball technique

45
Q

The advance knowledge that you have become a target of persuasion is called

A

forewarning

46
Q

The tendency to direct your attention away from information that challenges your existing attitudes and behavior is

A

Selective avoidance

47
Q

Negative reactions to threat to one’s personal freedom is

A

reactance

48
Q

The theory focuses on the ways in which particular beliefs or attitudes are either constant or inconsistent with one another is called

A

Cognitive dissonance

49
Q

Dissonance theory emphasizes

A

the psychological comfort/ discomfort of the individual

50
Q

Smoking is harmful and I don’t smoke. What is this person experiencing?

A

Consonance

51
Q

When people behave in ways that threaten their self image, it is upsetting and generates….

A

dissonance

52
Q

When you must choose between two attractive alternatives, the rejected option generates

A

dissonance

53
Q

When we behave in ways inconsistent with our values we experience

A

dissonance

54
Q

The theory that describes and predicts how how you spend much of your time rationalizing your behavior rather than actually engaging in rational actions is called?

A

Dissonance theory

55
Q

“Smoking relaxes me” …one uses excuses or new cognitions to justify their behavior. This reduces dissonance, true or false?

A

True

56
Q

I don’t need to stop smoking, the data on its dangers are inconclusive, it is not harmful. This is an addict’s way of justifying their behavior through

A

changing one dissonant cognition

57
Q

A technique for reducing dissonance in which the importance of attitudes or behavior that are inconsistent with each other is cognitively reduced is called

A

trivialization

58
Q

If you say you have a weight problem but you do not exercise, you may feel…. so instead you say you already have an active life so no need to exercise. What dissonance reducing technique is this?

A

Trivialization

59
Q

Where you convince yourself that you are not freely choosing to engage in a discrepant behavior “i have no choice but to smoke”, what form of dissonance reducing technique is this?

A

Reducing perceived choice

60
Q

You can reduce dissonance by changing ….

A

the discrepant behavior

61
Q

Many instances in our lives where we do or say things contrary to our beliefs leading to dissonance. This is called?

A

forced compliance

62
Q

When you have little justification and therefore cannot explain away your actions, dissonance will be

A

more intense

63
Q

Strong firms of coercion undermine dissonance. True or false?

A

True

social psychology (6 decks)

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