Chapter 12

Question 1

Egalitarianism

Answer 1

A doctrine of equality that ignores differences in social status, wealth, and privilege.

Question 2

Interest Group

Answer 2

A group of like-minded individuals who band together to influence public policy, public opinion or governmental officials.

Question 3

Single-issue Interest Group

Answer 3

A group that is interested primarily in one area of public policy.

Question 4

Multi-issue Interest Group

Answer 4

A group that is interested in pursuing a broad range of public policy issues.

Question 5

Professional Associations

Answer 5

Organization that represents individuals, largely educated and affluent, in one particular occupational category.

Question 6

Public Interest Groups

Answer 6

Citizen organizations that advocates issues of public goods.

Ex: Protection of the environment.

Question 7

Think Tanks

Answer 7

A group of individuals who conduct research in a particular subject or a particular area of public policy.

Question 8

Cleavages

Answer 8

Division among people based on at least one social characteristic.

Ex: Educational attainment or race.

Question 9

Disturbance Theory

Answer 9

The idea that interest groups form when resources become scarce in order to contest the influence of other interest groups.

Question 10

Free-rider Problem

Answer 10

The fact that public goods can be enjoyed by everyone.

Question 11

Public Goods (Collective Goods)

Answer 11

Goods that are used or consumed by all individuals in society.

Ex: Clean water, public roads, and community libraries.

Question 12

Selective Benefits

Answer 12

Benefits provided only to members of an organization or group.

Question 13

Material Benefits

Answer 13

Benefits that have concrete value or worth.

Question 14

Solidary Benefits

Answer 14

Benefits derived from fellowship and camaraderie with other members.

Question 15

Purposive Benefits

Answer 15

Intangible rewards people obtain from joining a group they support and working to advance an issue in which they believe.

Question 16

Patrons

Answer 16

Organizations or individuals that contribute money to political leaders or political groups.

Question 17

Inside Lobbying

Answer 17

Appealing directly to lawmakers and legislative staff either in meetings, by providing research and information, or by testifying at committee hearings.

Question 18

Gaining Access

Answer 18

Winning the opportunity to communicate directly with a legislator or a legislative staff member to present one’s position on an issue of public policy.

Question 19

Outside Lobbying (Grassroots Lobbying)

Answer 19

Activities directed at the general public to raise awareness and interest and to pressure officials.

Question 20

Direct Contact

Answer 20

Face-to-face meetings or telephone conversations between individuals.

Question 21

Direct Mail

Answer 21

Information mailed to a large number of people to advertise, market concepts, or solicit support.

Question 22

Advertorials

Answer 22

Advertisements presented as editorials.