AC 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 subcategories of biological theories of crime

A

Genetic and physiological

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2
Q

What does genetics mean

A

DNA, Inherited characteristics

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3
Q

What does physiological mean

A

Biological processes

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4
Q

What are 3 genetic theories (biological)

A

Jacobs XYY, Twin studies, Adoption studies.

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5
Q

What are 2 Physiological theories (biological)

A

Lombroso, Sheldon

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6
Q

What is Jacobs XYY overall argument

A

XYY- a male has an extra Y chromosome (47 in total) which can lead to the idea of a supermale. These people theoretically have lower intelligence, behavioural problems, are overly aggressive and lack empathy leading to being more prone to criminality.

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7
Q

What does Jacobs XYY suggest

A

Criminal behaviour is genetic, a biological factor and we can predict criminal behaviour. Nature over nurture.

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8
Q

Evaluation points in support of Jacobs XYY

A

IQ scores amongst convicted offenders are marginally lower, have increased chances of learning disabilities

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8
Q

Evaluations points (limitations) of Jacobs XYY

A

Ignores the behaviourist approach, Studies are carried out in prisons and mental health institutions (narrow and selective meaning the study is not representative), Testosterone levels are proven no different, women also commit crime, many with XYY will never know and never commit crime.

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9
Q

What is the Twin studies over all argument

A

Uses concordance rates to determine if people will display criminal behaviour as well as their twin (nature over nurture)

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10
Q

Define concordance rate

A

The likelihood that if one twin has a certain trait, the other will also have the same trait.

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11
Q

Define monozygotic

A

Identical (same genetic makeup)

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12
Q

Define dizygotic

A

Non-identical (similar but different genetic makeup)

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13
Q

Studies on twins

A

Lange and Christiansen

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14
Q

What do the studies on twins show (Lange and Christiansen)

A

Shows concordance rate between monozygotic and dizygotic siblings. Infers that MZ are more likely to commit crimes. (Christiansen’s study shows more credibility/possibility)

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15
Q

Link Twin studies to crime

A

If one twin displays aggresive or criminal tendencies and so does the other, the behaviour must be innate (nature).
If one MZ twin displays these behvaiours and the other one doesnt, enviroment may be more responsible.

16
Q

Evaluation point in support of twin studies

A

Natural experiments, means results cannot be manipulated, increases the studies validity.
Twin studies have helped in prevention of other disorders.

17
Q
A