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History - Conflict in the Middle East > Aftermath of the 1967 War > Flashcards

Aftermath of the 1967 War Flashcards

1
Q

What was one of the conditions outlined for Israel after the recent conflict?

A

Israel had to return the territories it occupied during the recent conflict.

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2
Q

What was a demand placed on Arab countries concerning Israel’s rights?

A

Arab countries must recognize Israel’s right to security and its right to exist.

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3
Q

What was one of the conditions related to the refugee issue after the conflict?

A

The refugee problem must be settled fairly.

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4
Q

When was UN Resolution 242 adopted, and what was its focus?

A
  1. UN Resolution 242 was adopted on November 22, 1967.
  2. It proposed a Land for Peace solution.
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5
Q

How did Israel respond to UN Resolution 242?

A

Israel was willing to negotiate with Egypt, Jordan, and Syria over occupied territories but was not willing to withdraw from them.

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6
Q

What was the Palestinian reaction to UN Resolution 242?

A

Palestinians found it insulting as it referred to them as a ‘problem’ and said nothing about their right to return to their former homes.

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7
Q

How did the Arab states, particularly the Arab League, respond to UN Resolution 242?

A
  1. In August 1967, at the Arab League Conference in Khartoum, all states declared Israel had no right to exist, issuing the Three Nos - No peace, No recognition, and No negotiations.
  2. Despite this, Egypt and Jordan appeared to accept UN Resolution 242, with Nasser emphasizing that Israel must withdraw from occupied territories first.
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8
Q

What became the new ‘border’ between Israel and Egypt after the Suez Crisis, and how was the canal affected?

A
  1. Suez became the new ‘border’ between Israel and Egypt.
  2. The canal was blocked with sunken ships, and troops faced each other across the canal.
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9
Q

Why did Egypt need to reopen the Suez Canal, and what obstacle did Israel create?

A
  1. Egypt needed to reopen the canal for economic reasons.
  2. Israel, not allowed to use the canal, made it impossible for Egypt to remove the sunken ships and reopen it.
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10
Q

How did Nasser seek assistance in rearming against Israel, and what support did each side receive?

A
  1. Nasser asked the USSR for help in rearming against Israel.
  2. USSR provided fighter planes, anti-aircraft missiles, and 20,000 troops to build 80 missile bases for Egypt. Israel continued to receive support from the US in funding and weapons.
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11
Q

What events led to the War of Attrition between Egypt and Israel from March 1969 to August 1970?

A
  1. By mid-1968, Egyptian forces frequently bombed and raided Sinai targets.
  2. Israeli forces retaliated by raiding and bombing Egyptian towns, cities, and oil refineries.
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12
Q

What brought about a ceasefire in August 1970, and what were the consequences of the conflict?

A
  1. In August 1970, both sides agreed to a ceasefire arranged by the USA, as neither could win.
  2. Egypt’s economy was badly affected by bombing and the lack of income from the Suez Canal.
  3. Over 1.5 million Egyptians were forced to leave their homes, and around 1000 Israelis were killed.
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13
Q

How much additional land did Israel acquire after the 6-day war, and what challenge did this pose?

A
  1. Israel finished the 6-day war with 350% more land.
  2. This posed the challenge of deciding what to do with the newly acquired territories.
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14
Q

Who controlled the Golan Strip after the 1967 War?

A

Syria.

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15
Q

What were the characteristics and strategic implications of the Golan Heights after the 6-day war?

A
  1. fertile land and fresh water.
  2. home to 100,000 Syrians.
  3. Syria could now no longer attack Israelis in Galilee but Israel could fire on Syria including Damascus
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16
Q

Who controlled the Gaza Strip after the 1967 War?

A

Egypt.

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17
Q

What were the characteristics and strategic implications of the Gaza Strip after the 6-day war?

A
  1. Home to over 350,000 people, mainly Palestinians.
  2. The region had been granted self-government.
  3. The self-government arrangement aimed to prevent Fedayeen raids launched from Gaza.
  4. This move allowed Israel to exert more control and security in the area.
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18
Q

Who controlled the West Bank after the 1967 War?

A

Jordan

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19
Q

What were the characteristics and strategic implications of the West Bank after the 6-day war?

A
  1. Fertile land located next to the River Jordan.
  2. Home to 600,000 Palestinians.
  3. Served as a buffer zone between Israel and Jordan.
  4. Dispute over ownership, as Jordan believed it belonged to them.
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20
Q

Who controlled the Sinai after the 1967 War?

A

Egypt

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21
Q

What were the characteristics and strategic implications of the Sinai after the 6-day war?

A
  1. Served as a buffer between Israel and Egypt.
  2. Legally belonged to Egypt and contained Egypt’s only oil supplies.
  3. Prevented the use of the Suez Canal.
  4. Secured Israel’s trade through the Gulf of Aqaba.
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22
Q

Who controlled East Jerusalem after the 1967 War?

A

Jordan

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23
Q

What were the characteristics and strategic implications of East Jerusalem after the 6-day war?

A
  1. Contained holy sites for both Jews and Muslims.
  2. Israel incorporated it into its territory.
  3. Palestinians in the area were forced to move to the West Bank.
24
Q

What were the considerations for Israel regarding the annexation of territories?

A

Annexing posed a risk of Arab majority with citizenship, returning was a security risk, and keeping it secured Israel but was expensive to police.

25
Q

What challenges did Palestinian refugees face under Israeli control?

A

Around 1 million lived in the West Bank and Gaza, East Jerusalem residents were evicted.

About 300,000 fled to Jordan, facing harsh conditions in refugee camps.

Many joined guerrilla groups like Fatah.

Arab states refused citizenship, arguing it was Israel’s responsibility.

Israel believed in reciprocity with Jewish refugees and limited job opportunities for Palestinians.

26
Q

How many Palestinians lived in the West Bank and Gaza?

A

Approximately 1 million Palestinians lived in the West Bank and Gaza.

27
Q

Where did around 300,000 Palestinian refugees flee to?

A

About 300,000 Palestinians fled to Jordan.

28
Q

What conditions did Palestinian refugees face in camps?

A

They faced harsh conditions in refugee camps, lacking sanitation.

29
Q

What was the response of many Palestinian refugees to their situation?

A

Many joined guerrilla groups, with Fatah being a prominent choice.

30
Q

Did Arab states grant citizenship to Palestinian refugees?

A

No, Arab states refused citizenship, arguing it was Israel’s responsibility.

31
Q

What was Israel’s perspective on the refugee situation?

A

Israel believed in reciprocity, drawing parallels with how it handled Jewish refugees.

32
Q

What were the job consequences for Palestinians in this context?

A

Palestinians faced limited job opportunities, affecting professions such as doctors and lawyers.

33
Q

What triggered the rise of Palestinian militancy?

A

The realization that Arab states couldn’t destroy Israel after the 6 Day War led many Palestinians to turn to militant organizations as their last hope.

34
Q

When was the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) formed?

A

The PFLP was formed in 1967.

35
Q

What did the PFLP believe would draw attention to the Palestinian cause?

A

The PFLP believed that international attacks would garner greater publicity and force the world to address the Palestinian cause.

36
Q

When did the PFLP join the PLO?

A

In 1968, the PFLP became a part of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

37
Q

Describe a significant event involving the PFLP in September 1970.

A

Between September 6th and 9th, 1970, the PFLP hijacked four international airplanes, taking hostages. After keeping 56 Jews hostage, they were eventually released in exchange for PFLP prisoners by September 30th.

38
Q

Who led Fatah?

A

Fatah was led by Yasser Arafat.

39
Q

What was Fatah able to do after the Six Day War?

A

Fatah was able to recruit many new members and acquire better weapons by utilizing those left by Arab armies during the war.

40
Q

When did Fatah join the PLO?

A

In 1967, Fatah became a part of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

41
Q

Describe a significant event involving Fatah in 1968.

A

In March 1968, Israel attacked and destroyed Fatah headquarters at Karameh in Jordan, taking 150 prisoners in retaliation for Fatah’s attack on a school bus. Israel faced international condemnation for using excessive force.

42
Q

What happened to Fatah in 1969?

A

Fatah’s strength grew with 5,000 new recruits, and it carried out over 2,000 attacks on Israel. The IDF responded with massive retaliation, including bombing Fatah bases in Lebanon and Syria. Yasser Arafat became the chairman of the PLO and Fatah.

43
Q

Is the PLO officially designated as a terrorist organization?

A

No, the PLO is not officially designated as a terrorist organization.

44
Q

How has the status of the PLO changed over time?

A

The status of the PLO has changed in different contexts over time.

45
Q

Have certain factions within the PLO been accused of engaging in terrorism?

A

Yes, some factions within the PLO have been accused of engaging in terrorism in the past.

46
Q

What was the name of the Palestinian extremist group that emerged after September 1970?

A

The group was named Black September.

47
Q

What is the most famous attack attributed to Black September?

A

The most famous attack was at the Munich Olympics on September 5, 1972, where eight members shot two and took nine Israeli athletes hostage.

48
Q

What happened during the attempt by West German police to free the hostages in Munich?

A

When West German police attempted to free the hostages, all nine athletes and five terrorists were killed.

49
Q

Were there subsequent attacks by Black September?

A

Yes, on September 19, 1972, the group sent 51 letters and parcel bombs to Israeli diplomats around the world, killing one in London. Further letter bombs were sent later in the year.

50
Q

Did Black September claim responsibility for the attacks on Israeli diplomats?

A

Although some attacks were signed ‘Black September,’ the group never actually claimed responsibility. Some commentators even suggest Israel might have sent them.

51
Q

How did Israel respond to Fatah raids into the country?

A

All Fatah raids into Israel were reciprocated by the IDF launching massive attacks on Fatah.

52
Q

What was Operation Wrath of God?

A

Operation Wrath of God was launched after the Munich Olympics to hunt and kill those responsible. PM Golda Meir ordered air attacks on Syria and instructed Mossad to find the culprits.

53
Q

Did these actions deter Palestinians?

A

No, Palestinian militants became heroes and attracted more members to Fatah/PLO despite Israeli responses.

54
Q

How did terrorist attacks impact the Palestinian cause internationally?

A

The attacks gained huge publicity but were mostly negative, generating sympathy for Israel.

55
Q
A
56
Q

What did the negative publicity lead to?

A

Negative publicity led to international feelings that dialogue was needed, prompting Arafat to speak to the UN in 1974.

History - Conflict in the Middle East (9 decks)

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