lecture 5 LOs

Question 1

drug affecting neural transmission as a precursor

Answer 1

increase the rate of synthesis and activity
L-DOPA: precursor to DA
tryptophan: 5-HT (serotonin) precursor

Question 2

drug affecting neural transmission as inhibiting synthesis

Answer 2

reduce transmitter levels
alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT): inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase invovled in making DA and NE

Question 3

drug affecting neural transmission as blocking storage

Answer 3

blocks storage of NT in synaptic vesicles
reserpine: disrupts storage of DA, NE, serotonin, in vesicles by blocking vesicular transporters

Question 4

drug affecting neural transmission by stimulating release

Answer 4

of NT by reverse uptake transporters
D-Amphetamin (aderall): stimulates release of DA and NE
pseudoephedrine (decongestant): works like amphetamine, preferential for NE and less blood brain barrier permeability

Question 5

drug affecting neural transmission by blovking NT release

Answer 5

botulinum toxin: interferes with synaptic vesicle release of Ach

Question 6

drug affecting neural transmission by stimulating or blocking postsynaptic receptor

Answer 6

stimulate = agonist ex. heroin
block = antagonist ex. caffiene

Question 7

drug affecting neural transmission by stimulating or blocking autoreceptor

Answer 7

stimulating = agonist ex clonidine (NE)
blocking = agonist ex. yohimbine (NE)

Question 8

drug affecting neural transmission by blocking enzyme involved in NT breakdown

Answer 8

physostigmine: blocks acetyl-cholinesterase, that breaks down Ach
phenelzine: blocks monoamine oxidase that breaks down NE, DA, serotonin

Question 9

drug affecting neural transmission by blocking uptake transporters

Answer 9

cocaine: blocks transporters for DA, serotonin, NE
classic tricyclic antidepressants block the NE transporter

Question 10

allosteric sites def

Answer 10

binding sites that differ from the ones endogenous ligands bind to

Question 11

allosteric modulators def

Answer 11

molecules that bind to such sites and alter receptor functioning

Question 12

allosteric modulators have whagt affect on receptor signalling

Answer 12

positive or negative

Question 13

allosteric modulators only modify the effects of _____

Answer 13

an agonist, they have no effects of their own (although their effects can resemble those and agonist or antagonist

Question 14

what are behavioural measures curcial for

Answer 14

understanding the neurochemical basis of behaviour, and drug induced changes in the beh
developing animal models of psychiatric disorders
screening newly designed drugs in preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical settings

Question 15

advantages of studies that use animals

Answer 15

rigorous contol of living conditions, food, histories, genetic background, is possible
mant research methods are unethical w humans

Question 16

what do tests w animals or humans measure

Answer 16

specific physiological, emotional, congnitive, or psychological process

Question 17

methods of permanent lesion

Answer 17

radiofrequency, asipration, excitotoxic (using glutamate agonists that over excite and selectively kill intrinsic neurons in the brain region)

Question 18

how are reversible lesions done

Answer 18

intracrainial infusion of drug via cannula that suppresses neural activity (local anesthetic or GABA agonist)

Question 19

what does neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopaime affect

Answer 19

DA, NE

Question 20

what does neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine affect

Answer 20

serotonin

Question 21

what does neurotoxin 192lgG-saporin affect

Answer 21

Ach

Question 22

what do implanted macroelectrodes do

Answer 22

electrical stimulation produces action potentials and NT release

Question 23

microdialysis def/use

Answer 23

measures NT release in a specific region while the subject is engaged in behaviour
artificial CSF is pumped in through probe implanted in the brain region
takes 1-20 mins

Question 24

high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) used w microdialysis

Answer 24

separates sample into components depending on molecular size or ionic charge
concentration of molecule of interest can then be determined