Principles of Programming

Question 1

Define a Boolean value in Backus-Naur form

Answer 1

<Boolean> ::= "True" | "False"
</Boolean>

Question 2

Define the primary colours in Backus-Naur form

Answer 2

<PrimaryColours> ::= "red" | "yellow" | "blue"
</PrimaryColours>

Question 3

Define the seasons of the year in Backus-Naur form

Answer 3

<Seasons> ::= "Spring" | "Summer" | "Autumn" | "Winter"
</Seasons>

Question 4

Define the digits(0-9), both

Answer 4

<Digits> ::= [0-9]
or
<Digits> ::= "0" | "1" | "2" | ...
</Digits></Digits>

Question 5

Define a Programming paradigm

Answer 5

It is an approach to solve problems by using programming languages

Question 6

Name four common programming paradigms

Answer 6

Procedural/Imperative
Object-Oriented
Declarative
Functional

Question 7

Describe Procedural/Imperative

Answer 7

A program that can be split into procedures or subroutines

Question 8

Describe Object-Orientated

Answer 8

Classes are used to define objects in order to model the problem to be solved

Question 9

Describe Declarative Languages

Answer 9

Use commands to set the goal and all outcomes for a task, doesn’t involve code, or instructions on how to complete the task

Question 10

Describe Functional Languages

Answer 10

Emphasizes the composition of functions and the avoidance of side effects

Question 11

Define a Class

Answer 11

A blueprint or template for creating objects

Question 12

What are attributes in relation to OOP

Answer 12

Attributes are the data members of a class.
They represent the characteristics or properties of objects created from the class

Question 13

What are Methods in relation to OOP

Answer 13

Methods are the functions defined within a class. They define the behavior/actions that objects created from the class can perform

Question 14

What do methods operate on

Answer 14

The class’s attributes

Question 15

What are objects in relation to OOP

Answer 15

An object is an instance of a class, it is an entity created based on the class blueprint.

Question 16

What do objects have in OOP

Answer 16

Attribute Values and methods to perform actions

Question 17

What is encapsulation in relation to OOP

Answer 17

A fundamental principle of OOP where the class encapsulates its attributes and methods

Question 18

What is inheritance in relation to OOP

Answer 18

A mechanism that allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class

Question 19

What does do Polymorphism in relation to OOP

Answer 19

Allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class