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Supply Chain Management > Coordination and Collaboration > Flashcards

Coordination and Collaboration Flashcards

1
Q

Explain supply chain coordination

A
  • All stages of the supply chain take actions that are aligned and increase supply chain profits
  • Create incentives such that locally optimal decisions correspond to globally optimal decisions for the complete supply chain
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2
Q

What are obstacles to coordination?

A
  • Local optimization of decisions regarding pricing and ordering at every stage of SC
  • Information is distorted or delayed between different stages of the SC
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3
Q

What are impacts of coordination?

A
  • Lower order quantities and lower product availability due to double marginalization
  • Global supply chain optimum cannot be achieved due to local objectives
  • Bullwhip effect: Increasing variability of orders and inventory along the value chain
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4
Q

What does the contract theory say?

A

Contracts provide incentives for the different stages of the supply chain to behave towards an overall optimal way despite their different objectives

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5
Q

What are the procedual steps for contracts in supply chains?

A
  1. Classification of the decision situation
  2. Designing a contract
  3. Evaluating the efficiency
  4. Parametrization and implementation
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6
Q

What is important in the classification of a decision situation?

A
  • Determine demand situation: Deterministic, detemernistic & price sensitive, uncertain
  • Information (a)symmetry
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7
Q

What is information (a)symmetry?

A

Different knowledge of supply chain actors regarding important parameters, especially regarding PoS data and self-inflicted fluctuations in demand (e.g., due to promotions)

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8
Q

What are the steps of designing a contract?

A
  1. Defining decision competencies
    Target: Controlling (downstream) stages of the SC by shifting decision making competencies
  2. Setting the contract parameters
    E.g.: Order quantities, Pricing/discounts, Minimum Order Quantity, Quantity Flexibility, Rationing schemes, Supply Lead Time Requirements, Quality Requirement
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9
Q

How is the efficiency of a contract evaluated?

A
  • Impact of contract on total supply chain profits
  • Impact of contract on individual profits of manufacturer and retailer
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10
Q

How does the parametrization and implementation of a contract work?

A

Negotiating the contractual terms, formulation and execution of the contract

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11
Q

How are the mechanisms of a contract design analyzed?

A
  • Analysis of decentralized decision of players (individual point of view)
    → Uncoordinated supply chain
  • Analysis of centralized decision (supply chain view, complete information)
    → Global optimum for supply chain
  • Designing and implementation of contract coordination mechanisms to incentivize bot actors to achieve the total optimum solution despite individual decisions
    → Contract → Coordinated supply chain
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12
Q

What are different demand types for contract design?

A
  • Deterministic demand
  • Price sensitive (deterministic) demand
  • Uncertain demand
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13
Q

What is collaboration?

A

Supply Chain Collaboration facilitates the cooperation of participating members along the supply chain to improve performance

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14
Q

Name process-driven collaboration concepts

A
  • Information Sharing (IS)
  • Continuous Replenishment Programs (CRP)
  • Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI)
  • Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR)
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15
Q

Name technology-driven collaboration concepts

A
  • Electronic Marketplaces
  • Tracking and Tracing
  • Collaborative Supply Chain Management Systems
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16
Q

What is information sharing?

A
  • Retailer shares information about demand and inventory with the manufacturer
  • Retailer continues to place orders
17
Q

What is a continuous replenishment program (CRP)?

A
  • Manufacturer regularly replenishes inventory of retailer
  • Replenishment based on PoS or inventory data
  • Inventory is owned by retailer
18
Q

What is a vendor managed inventory?

A
  • Manufacturer takes over responsibility for inventory management of retailer
  • Planning based on PoS data
  • Inventory is often owned by supplier until it is sold by the retailer
19
Q

What is collaborative planning, forecastinf, and replenishment (CPFR)?

A
  • Collaborative planning, forecasts and inventory planning by retailer and manufacturer
  • Objective: Increasing product availability, reducing inventory, transportation + logistic costs
  • Requirements: Synchronizing data, Standardizing the exchange of information
  • Potentials: Reduction of retail inventories, Reduction of inventories along the supply chain
20
Q

What are the steps to a sCPFR model?

A
  1. Strategy and Planning: Rules of collaboration, Joint business plan
  2. Demand & Supply Management: Demand forecast, Planning orders/shipments
  3. Execution: Place orders, Prepare/deliver/receive shipments
  4. Analysis: Monitor activities for exceptions, Calculate and share KPIs
21
Q

What are benefits of process-driven collaboration concepts?

A

 PoS data available to manufacturer
 Improving forecasts of manufacturer
 Better matching of supply and demand
 Increased supply chain profits regarding retailer and manufacturer margins

22
Q

What are problems of process-driven collaboration concepts?

A

 Sharing / collaborative use of (partly) confidential data
 Retailer sells multiple competitive products

Supply Chain Management (4 decks)

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