African American (spesific)

Question 1

13th amendement

Answer 1

Date: 1865
Event: end of slavery
Impact:

Question 2

14th amendment

Answer 2

1868
gave AA citizenship

Question 3

15th amendmednt

Answer 3

1870
Gave AA the right to vote

Question 4

Black codes

Answer 4

Date: 1865/66
Event:
- withheld the right to vote
Impact:
- a new form of slavery as it limited AA job options so had to return to plantations

Question 5

Presidential reconstruction

Answer 5

Date: 1865
Event:
Impact:
- Military enforcement of 14th and 15th Amendments
- indicating an unprecedented level of federal government intervention to protect AA rights and eliminate Black Codes - short term impact due to Redemption but change
- Sharecropping long term impact e.g. poverty, debt, dependence on white landowners (significant proportion AAs up to at least WWII)

Question 6

Tilden Hayes compromise

Answer 6

1877
- Redemption and end of Reconstruction – long term impact and change arguably lasting until the 1960s

• Precondition for establishment of Jim Crow i.e. segregation, discrimination and disenfranchisement
• Widespread use of violence and intimidation by White Leagues and Red Shirts in relation to voting rights and transgression of racial values e.g. miscegenation

Question 7

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer 7

1896

Question 8

Mississippi v Williams

Answer 8

1898

Question 9

WWI

Answer 9

1914-1918

Question 10

Great migration

Answer 10

• 1915-40
• around 6.5 million black people migrating north, often along the Mississippi river to the cities around the Great Lakes. They moved from the rural south to the urban north.
• black population of Detroit grew from 5,700 in 1910 to 120,000 in 1930
• motivated by the increasingly dangerous black experience in the south, and economic opportunity, political freedom and AA communities in the north. The south’s biggest and fastest growing industrial enterprise, textile, barred AAs entirely.

Question 11

Garvey and UNIA

Answer 11

(largest AA organization with 1 million members) and black nationalism (precursor to and inspiration for Black Power) i.e. political, economic and social autonomy
- founder and president of the UNIA, which was founded in 1914 but established in the US when Garvey moved to Harlem in 1916
- the New Negro movement (1919-26) was the first black nationalist movement and included UNIA. Therefore founded and led by Garvey
- the militancy of the New Negro movement, demanding full civil and political rights, influenced the Harlem Renaissance
- Garvey was charismatic
- promoted pan-Africanism

Question 13

New Deal

Answer 13

1933

Question 14

WWII

Answer 14

1939 -1945

Question 15

Brown V board

Answer 15

1954

Question 16

Montgomery buss boycott

Answer 16

1955

Question 17

Birmingham campaign

Answer 17

1963

Question 18

civil rights act

Answer 18

1964

Question 19

Voting rights act

Answer 19

1965

Question 20

Selma campaign

Answer 20

1965

Question 21

Black power

Answer 21

black panther 1966

Question 22

Griggs and affirmative action

Answer 22

1971

Question 23

Bakke case limits affirmative action

Answer 23

1978

Question 24

Reagan and conservative reaction; Reaganomics, welfare cuts and exacerbation of deindustrialisation

Answer 24

1981
- ‘Colour blind’ presidency i.e. challenged the need for federal enforcement of civil rights legislation by reaffirming states rights
- Vetoed Civil Rights Restoration Act aimed to enforce federal support for affirmative action (passed by Congress)
- Significant worsening of AA urban poverty due to welfare cuts
- Significant change in position of federal government indicting a backlash

Question 25

La riots

Answer 25

1992
- Illustrates continuing issues of AAs sense of political alienation, experience of discrimination and lack of access to educational and employment opportunities
- Potentially view as an indictment of the 1980s