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Important practice > Clinical lab/ Pathology practice > Flashcards

Clinical lab/ Pathology practice Flashcards

1
Q

Male hematocrit
Female hematocrit:

A

42-52%
36-46%

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2
Q

Normal fasting blood glucose level

A

70-100mg/dl

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3
Q

normal Ph of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

Normal TOTAL WBC

A

4500-11,000/microlitter

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5
Q

Normal female hemoglobin
Normal Male hemoglobin

A

12-16g/100ml
13-18g/100ml

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6
Q

Normal OGTT response

A

Blood glucose below 140

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7
Q

Total RBC

A

4/6mill

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8
Q

Female-total Blood V
Male-total Blood V

A

4-5L
5-6L

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9
Q

Normal Platelet count

A

150-400,000/ml

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10
Q

Significant loss of red blood cells (RBC) & oxygen due to rapid blood loss

A

Hemorrhagic Anemia

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11
Q

Over-secretion of growth hormone (GH) from an anterior pituitary gland in children and pediatric cases

A

Gigantism

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12
Q

A formed blood clot that is still attached to the inner blood vessel wall and fixed in place

A

Thrombus

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13
Q

Hyposecretion of growth hormone (GH) caused by genetic deficient in infants and young children, causing shortened height and lack of normal sized growth

A

Pituitary dwarfism

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14
Q

animea that is caused by low plasma iron levels; easy to fix with iron supplement

A

Iorn-deficient anemia

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15
Q

A drop in blood Ph due to a buildup of acid caused by an extreme increase in fat metabolism in diabetics who can’t use insulin and glucose properly

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

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16
Q

Lowered RBC and hemoglobin count because of a genetic lack of intrinsic factor, causing low vit B12 levels that results in low iron and hemoglobin production

A

Pernicious anemia

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17
Q

An excess production of RBC causing the blood to be dangerously more thick and viscous

A

polycythemia

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18
Q

Overgrowth in the hands, feet, and face in adults caused by a hypersecretion

A

Acromegaly

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19
Q

Damage and stopped production and growth of red blood cells usually caused by drugs, chemotheraphy and /or radiation like that given in cancer treatment

A

Aplastic anemia

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20
Q

Low levels of T3/T4, dry skin, cold intolerance,fatigue/lethargy, hair loss and low metabolism/weight gain

A

Hypothyroidism

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21
Q

An elevated, high white blood cells (WBC) count; usually a sign of infection

A

leukocytosis

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22
Q

excess levels of T3/T4 sweating, hyperactivity, insomia, rapid heart rate and protruding of the eys known as exopthalmos

A

Hyperthyroidism

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23
Q

A piece of blood clot that has broken loose and travels in the bloodstream until it gets stuck, blocking a smaller blood vessel

A

emblous

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24
Q

A genetic condition affecting African American genetic that causes cresent-shaped,misshapen red blood cells (RBC) causes low oxygen carrying capacity

A

Sickle-Cell anemia

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25
Q

Another name of sweating

A

Diaphoresis

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26
Q

Normal bp

A

120/80

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27
Q

Hr

A

60-100bpm

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28
Q

2 concerning symptoms of Heart attack

A

chest pain, Sweating

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29
Q

Right side heart receives () via tissues
Left side heart receives () via lungs

A

deoxygenated
oxygenated

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30
Q

Double walled sack surrounding heart

A

Pericardium

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31
Q

Inflammation of pericardium

A

Pericarditis

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32
Q

Excess fluid leaking into pericardial space
Treatment: Pericardiocentesis

A

Cardiac tamponade

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33
Q

Condition where the blood back flows so heart repumps same blood

A

Incompetent valve

34
Q

Stiff flaps that constrict opening

A

Valvular stenosis

35
Q

Thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood supply to myocardium

A

Angina Pectoris

36
Q

Heart Attack

A

Myocardial infarction

37
Q

Irregular heart rhythms
Uncoordinated Atrial and Ventricular contractions

A

Arrhythmia

38
Q

Rapid irregular contractions

A

Fibrillation

39
Q

() Sends signals through sympathetic trunk increase rate and force
() Parasympathetic signals via vagus nerve lowers

A

Cardioacceleratory
Cardioinhibitory

40
Q

Graphic recording of electrical activity in heart

A

Electrocardiogram

41
Q

Electrocardiography:
() wave: depolarization of SA node and atria
() complex: ventricular depolarization and () repolarization
() wave: ventricular ()

A

P
QRS
atrial
T
repolarization

42
Q

Enlarged R waves

A

enlarged ventricles

43
Q

Elevated or depressed S-T segment

A

Cardiac ischemia

44
Q

Prolonged Q-T intervals

A

Ventricular arrythmias

45
Q

Period of heart contraction

A

Systole

46
Q

Period of heart relaxation

A

Diastole

47
Q

Blood flow through heart during one complete heartbeat

A

Cardiac cycle

48
Q

Abnormal heart sounds heard when blood hits obstructions

A

Heart Murmurs

49
Q

CO= () x ()

A

Hr x SV

50
Q

() is the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat

A

stroke volume

51
Q

SV= () - ()

A

End diastolic v - End systolic v

52
Q

Inotropic

A

Contractility

53
Q

Positive chronotropic factors increasing hr

A

Epinephrine, Dobutamine,Atropine

54
Q

Negative chronotropic factors decreasing Hr

A

Acidosis(low acidic Ph) increase k+, Beta blockers,digoxin

55
Q

() increases HR

A

Thyroxine

56
Q

Depresses Heart
Elevates Heart

A

Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia

57
Q

alters electrical activity, heart block/cardiac arrest
Feeble heartbeat/arrhythmias

A

Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia

58
Q

Fast heart rate >100bpm

A

Tachycardia

59
Q

Low heart rate < 60bpm

A

Bradycardia

60
Q

Progressive condition where CO is to low poor blood circulation

A

Congestive heart failure

61
Q

Left side heart failure results in
Right sided heart failure results in

A

Pulmonary congestion
Peripheral

62
Q

Mixing of oxygen poor and rich blood in infants called:
Narrowed valves or vessels called:
Both types:

A

Septal defect, Patent ductus arteriosus
Coartaction of aorta
Tetralogy of fallot

63
Q

Test to see peripheral blood flow is good

A

Capillary refill

64
Q

Dysfunctional valves

A

Varicous veins

65
Q

The greatest influence on resistance in blood flow

A

Blood vessel diameter

66
Q

Radius increase, resistance ()
Gradient increase- blood flow ()

A

decrease
increases

67
Q

Vital Signs

A

Pulse,Temp,Blood pressure, respiratory rate

68
Q

Systolic pressure normal lower then

A

120mm Hg

69
Q

Diastolic pressure normal lower then

A

80 mm Hg

70
Q

Neural control: () reflex
causes () and decreased

A

Barorceptor
Vasodilation CO

71
Q

() high levels causes vasoconstriction
() causes Na+ reabsorption in kidneys

A

ADH
Aldosterone

72
Q

Decreases BP by antagonizing aldosterone

A

Natural natriuretic peptide

73
Q

Decreased arterial BP causes release of () from kidneys
Renin enters blood and converts to () from liver to angiotensin l
Angiotensin-converting enzyme from lungs converts angiotensin l angiotensin ll

A

RENIN
angiotensinogen

74
Q

Hypertension : ()/() or higher

A

140/90 mm Hg

75
Q

Hypotension: below

A

90/60mm Hg

76
Q

Large scale blood loss: () shock

A

Hypovolemic

77
Q

Blood vessels inadequate fill and cont circulate blood: () shock

A

circulatory

78
Q

Inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation: () shock

A

cardiogenic

79
Q

Overwhelming bacterial blood infection: () shock

A

Septic

80
Q

Sever allergic reaction: () shock

A

anaphylactic

81
Q

() pressure: pushing force by Aterial Bp
() pressure: pulling force determined by albumin

A

Hydrostatic
Osmotic

Important practice (10 decks)

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