B1.4/5 Specialization in animal and plant cells Flashcards
differentiation definition
the process which cells will change and acquire new internal structures to carry out a specific function
adaptations of nerve cell
dendrites and nerve endings
long axon
what does a dendrites and nerve endings in a nerve cell do
makes connections allowing to communicate with other cells
what do a long axon in a nerve cell do
the cell is extended by axon so can connect to different parts of the body
adaptations of phloem tubes
sieve plants (broken cell walls)
have companion cells
what companion cells in a phloem tube do
phloem cells don’t have many internal structures so their companion cells keep them alive
what sieve plants (broken cell walls) in a phloem tube do
holes in the sieve plants allow the movement of dissolved sugars to be transported around the plant
adaptations of the sperm cell
tail, many mitochondria, acrosome, haploid nucleas
what does a tail in the sperm cell do
allows them to swim to the egg cell
what does many mitochondria in a sperm cell do
releases plenty of energy from respiration to function the tail
what does haploid nucleus in a sperm cell do
haploid = half
has half DNA needed to make embryo
what does acrosome in a sperm cell do
contains enzymes that allow it to penetrate the egg cell
adaptations of root hair cell
long extensions of cell membrane, thin walls, large vacuole, many mitochondria
what does long extensions of cell membrane in a root hair cell do
increases surface area of the cell to increase water absorption of mineral ions from the cell
what does thin walls in a root hair cell do
to not restrict the absorption of water
