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Apes unit 5 > Land use 7 Agriculture > Flashcards

Land use 7 Agriculture Flashcards

(pest control & Irrigation)

1
Q

Types of farming

A

Commerical and Subsistence

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2
Q

Commerical Farming

A

Nearly all livestok and crops are cultivated with the intention of selling
Large lots of land and lots of machines

Econoimcal and modern

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3
Q

Subsistence Farming

A
  • Nearly all livestock and crops are used to maintain the farmer’s family (little community)
  • Low area, low amount to sell, not really reliant of machinery
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4
Q

What’s the Greenhouse Revolution

A

A shift away from small, family operated farms to large industrial-scale agribusiness

alter genetics to growm

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5
Q

What did the Green Revolution increase

A

Mechanization
Irrigation
Fertilizer
Pesticide
GMO

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6
Q

Mechanization

What is Mechanization

A

Use of heavy machinery in commerical farming; costly but effient

soil compact decreases water

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7
Q

Irrigation

What is Irrigation

A

Supply of water o land or crops outside the natural water cycle

ex Drip, Spray,Flood, and Furrow

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8
Q

Types of Irrigation

Drip

A

Holes in hose slowly drip out water

enviromental

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9
Q

Types of irrigation

Spray

A

Water pumped into nozzle and sprayed out

enviomental

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10
Q

Types of Irrigation

Flood

A

Flood the whole field

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11
Q

Types of Irrigation

Furrow

A

Trenches dug along crops and filled with water

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12
Q

Irrigation types pros and cons

Drip & Spray

A

Pros- efficient avoids water logginh conserves water
Cons- Expensive & requires more management

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13
Q

Irrigation types pros and cons

Flood and Furrow

A

Pros- Easy cheaper
Cons- High water loss and water logging

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14
Q

Irrigations terms

Waterlogging

A

Over saturation of soil fill all soil pores space with water and suffocated plants

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15
Q

Irrigation terms

Soild Salinization

A

Salt buliding up in soil over time, evaporating and leaving salt deposits behind

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16
Q

Irrigation terms

Over Withdrawal

A

Farm pump out of aquaifers water at fast rates compared to its recharge

Biggest aquaifer in America is Ogallala in Nebraska to texas

17
Q

Fertilizer

A

Required to replace lost orgainic matter from plants and animals; contail essential nutrients from plants

Additives to soil

18
Q

Types of Fertilizers

Synthetic

A
  • Produced commericiall with fossil fuels
  • can add any nutrient (NPK)
18
Q

Types of fertilizers

Orgainic

A

Composed of organic matter from plants and animals
(mostly Mannre or compost)

18
Q

Pros and cons

Synthetic Fertilizers

A

Pros:Easily adaptable
Targets specific crops or nutrients
Higher yield ot profit
Cons: Costly
Can cause Eutrophication

Eutrophication: excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.

19
Q

pros and cons

Organic Fertilizers

A

Pros: Increases CEC water reatantion and adds nutrients
Cons: Takes longer time, high demand with low supply, simple but really messy

20
Q

Pesticide

A

Chemical sprayed on crops that kill need insects rodents and otehr pest that eat or damage

Canbe soild (powder) liquid or aerosol mist

21
Q

Types of Pesticides

Types of Pesticides

4 types

A

Broad: Kills many types of pest
Selecive: Targets narrow range of organizms
Persistent: Remain in environment for a lon time
Non-Persistent: Break down pest

Pros Eas response

22
Q

Pros and Cons

Pesticides

A

Pros: Easy response and efficient
Cons: Kill unwanted species,resistence overtime, runoff, and disrupts endocrine and nervous system

23
Q

GMO

A

Crops that have been scientifically manuplated for desirable traits

ex Strawberries are bigger now bc of GMOs

Gentically motified orgainsms

24
Q

Pros and Cons

GMO

A

Pros: Increases profitbaility and more crops
Cons: diversity decrease, more likly to get dieases, hard to regulate, Human perception

25
Q

Main Ag practices

Monocropping

A

Large planting of a single crops species at a time
Pros: efficent harvest and application
Cons: Low biodiversity, increase of erosion
More vulnerable to pest
lower over soil quality

26
Q

Main Ag practices

Intercropping

A

Alluring rows of crops; 2 or more species planted in the same field

27
Q

Main Ag practices

Tilling

A

Mixing and breakng upsoil to lossen roots and plants easier
Causes: increased erosion, loss of nutrients, lower WHC

WHC: Water holding capacity

28
Q

Main Ag practices

No- Till

A

Farmers do not turn soild between seasons to reduce erosion
Causes: decrease organic matter in soil and harder to plant

29
Q

Sustainable Ag practices

Crop rotation

A

Plowing parallel to natural slopes of land to prevent runoff and erosion

30
Q

Sustainable Ag practices

Agroforestry

A

Intercroppong trees with other crops to reduce erosion

31
Q

Sustainable Ag practices

Contour Plowing

A

Crop species are rotated from season to season reduce erosion and allow nutrients to replentish

32
Q

Sustainable Ag practices

Terracing

A

Cuttign flat Platforms of soil into a steep stone to prevent runoff and erosion

Apes unit 5 (9 decks)

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