The nature and development of human rights Flashcards
define human rights
the basic rights inherent to all human beings. they are universal, inalienable, indivisible and inherent in all ppl.
what are the 4 features that define human rights and what do they mean
universal (everyone has)
inalienable (right can’t b taken away)
indivisible (BELONGS to everyone)
inherent (birth right)
whats the difference between individual and collective rights?
An individual right refers to rights that belong to all individuals, including political and civil rights such as the right to vote.
A collective right refers to rights that belong to distinct communities or groups, such as the right to self-determination which is considered to be a collective rights for indigenous Australians
what r the 3 categories human rights can b divided in
- political and civil rights (F1)
- Economic, social and cultural rights (F2
- collective rights (F3)
the 7 concepts the make up the development of human rights
- abolition of slavery
- trade unionism
- universal education
- peace rights
- self determination
- universal suffrage
- environmental rights
what is the history behind the abolition of slavery? (7)
- began in 12th century
- summerset case 1772 : illegal under eng law
- france abolished slavery 1794 (first country to pass decree)
following the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in 1789.
-us followed footsteps and amended to abolish slavery
-european nations met in berline 1885 and signed first treaty in 1890 (general act of brussel)
-slavery convention (1926) - GENEVA first doc to prohibit slavery with several countries ratifying
-End of wwll, sparked UN to make artc4
-ICCPR AND UDHR recognise it now
-the Slave Trade
came into effect in April 1957 and is one of three international conventions operating to eliminate slavery today.
what is trade unionism
Association of wage earners which exist to improve working conditions
history of trade unionism (5)
- 1st appearance in eng in industrial revolution
- trade union 1871 (UK)
- trade unions legalised in AUS 1881
- 1891- labour party created
- article 23 and 24 developed
- ICESR 1966
how the rights to universal suffrage have developed over time?
- democracy developed
- three areas- men women n race
men
- the american declaration of independence 1776
women
- 1893 : granted rights in new zealnd
- 1902: australia commonwealth granted
race
- 1870 : US extended right and amended to all race, colour
- 1962: referendum for aborginals to vote
-1967: aborginals in aus census
recognised in Article 21 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
how has education developed
1870 : britain passed education act 4 free education
1880 : britain made it compulsory for kids under 12
AUS RECOGNITION:
-only 19% of kids got education (1810)
-1866: public schools act
-primary education became compulsory 1870’s
-1880 : public instruction act - made education free
INTERNATIONAL
2002 UN millenium development goals of the UN to ensure chhildren get education around the world
what are the key moments of development in regard to self dertermination?
1919: treaty of versailles
1941: the atlantic charter
1942: declaration of UN
1960-63: 53 territories became self governing
-south sudan 2011 granted independence
-timor leste 1999 - by UN 2002
PRESENT -
-Aborginals grnated justice in UN rights of indigenous 2007 which aus did nto APPROVE of at first then accepted in 2009 in Rudd Labour
how environmental rights have been expressed (3)
- The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights-1981 and has been adopted by 53 African states
*the Kyoto Protocol (1997) is an attempt by the international community to deal with environmental problems, such as global warming, the spread of epidemics, marine pollution, the depletion of the ozone layer and atmospheric pollution.
- The UN Climate Change Conference in December 2015 produced the Paris Agreement, a plan to stabilise global warming below 2 °C above preindustrial levels.
define peace rights
Peace rights are the fundamental entitlements afforded to all people to live free from conflict, war or any form of oppression. These are affirmed in documents such as the UDHR and ICCPR.
