SECTION 3 Flashcards
What role did compasses play in navigation, and where were they invented?
Compasses played a crucial role in navigation, allowing sailors to identify their location at sea. They were invented in China
n: How did compasses impact navigation techniques, particularly in relation to the stars?
Compasses replaced navigation by the stars, providing a more reliable method for sailors regardless of time or weather conditions.
What were the characteristics of full-rigged ships with three masts and 5-6 square sails?
Full-rigged ships had three masts and 5-6 square sails. They were larger, heavier, faster, and more efficient than their predecessors
n what way did full-rigged ships contribute to trade, and what impact did they have on the movement of goods?
Full-rigged ships helped establish the trade of cheaper goods in bulk, facilitating the movement of goods on a larger scale.
What historical era did the use of compasses and full-rigged ships usher in, and what significant consequence followed in Europe?
The use of compasses and full-rigged ships ushered in the Age of Discovery in Europe, leading to significant exploration and expansion.
How did the Age of Discovery impact artists, and what opportunities did it provide them?
The Age of Discovery provided artists with materials from around the world, opening up new possibilities and influences for their art.
ion: Who were the earliest printers, and what material did they use for relief impressions?
The Sumerians were the earliest printers, using relief impressions on clay made from stone seals.
Where did the use of seals spread, and what innovation was introduced in China for printing?
Seals spread to India and then China, where ink was used for printing. Chinese regularly printed books using wooden blocks carved in relief.
Question: What movable type was developed in China, and why was it initially abandoned
Chinese developed movable type but abandoned it due to the wood not being durable enough. Wang Chen reintroduced it in 1297 for the first mass-produced book, Nung Shu, focusing on farming and agriculture.
uestion: Who played a significant role in the mass-production of printed books in Germany around 1440, and what technology did they use?
swer: Johannes Gutenberg played a significant role using a screw-type wine press to print books, opening the doorway to mass-producing printed books.
uestion: How did Gutenberg’s press further evolve, and what method was used to make multiple copies of the same image?
Answer: Gutenberg’s press evolved to make multiple copies from a carved slab of wood, advancing the technology for reproducing images.
Question: What was the impact of increasing literacy on the demand for books, and what were readers looking for?
Answer: As more people became literate, there was a demand for books with both pictures and words, reflecting a desire for comprehensive content.
: Who created the artwork “Melencolia I” in 1514?
A: Albrecht Dürer.
Where was Albrecht Dürer born?
: Nuremberg, Germany.
How did Albrecht Dürer achieve recognition and financial success in his career?
Heavily marketed his prints, became famous, and earned lots of money.
What is “Melencolia I” considered in the context of Albrecht Dürer’s life?
A depiction of his intellectual situation and is considered a self-portrait.
5: What does the winged female figure (Melancholy) in the artwork hold, and what is its significance?
: Melancholy holds a long compass used for drawing circles and measuring distances on maps.
ow is Melancholy’s pose and facial expression depicted in “Melencolia I”?
A: Melancholy’s face is shadowed, and she sits in a pose associated with sadness, connected to intellectual activity and creative genius
What does the child behind Melancholy represent in the artwork?
he child scribbling on a slate represents practical knowledge, symbolizing action without deep thought.
What does the burst of light in “Melencolia I” symbolize?
: The burst of light represents hope, signifying that artists can overcome depression.
What is the alternative name for one-point perspective in art?
It is also known as scientific or one-point perspective.
How does one-point perspective help create the illusion of 3D objects?
Artists use a horizontal line (horizon line) and a vanishing point to mathematically calculate the correct size of objects. Drawing diagonal lines (orthogonals) from the edges to the vanishing point achieves the effect of 3D objects on a flat surface.
: Was one-point perspective used in ancient times as well?
Yes, it was used in the Greco-Roman era, but the knowledge of how to use it was lost until the Renaissance.
Who inventing one-point perspective during the Renaissance?
Filippo Brunelleschi is credited with inventing one-point perspective during the Renaissance.
What marks the significance of one perspective?
This technique marked the start of more scientific thinking in art and is still used by artists today.
Who painted the artwork depicting the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary around 1450–53?
Fra Filippo Lippi.
For which location was Annunciation of the Virgin Mary commissioned?
he Palazzo Medici in Florence.
What does the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary represent?
It depicts the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary, including God’s divine blessing with his hand and a white dove.
ow did Lippi use artistic techniques in the painting?
Lippi employed linear perspective, featuring a tiled floor and receding balustrades.
Who proposed a double-shelled design for the Duomo’s huge dome in Florence?
Filippo Brunelleschi.
7: What was unique about Brunelleschi’s design for the cathedral?
It featured a double-shelled design, more common in the Islamic world, supported by eight ribs.
Where were the first users of oil paint located?
In the Netherlands.
During the Renaissance, what type of paint had mostly overtaken egg tempera paint?
Oil paint.
What was the primary component of egg tempera paint?
Pigments mixed into egg yolk.
What were some challenges associated with egg tempera paint?
It was hard to blend colors and create 3D shapes.
hat liquid was often used with oil paint, replacing egg yolk?
Linseed oi
What advantages did oil paint offer over egg tempera?
t allowed artists to layer colors and create almost translucent colors.
: Who is Artemisia Gentileschi?
he was a painter trained by her artist father, known for creating realistic paintings.
What themes is Artemisia Gentileschi known for in her paintings?
: She is known for depicting the strength, passion, and vulnerability of various women.
: Can you provide an example of one of Artemisia Gentileschi’s paintings and its subject?
One of her paintings depicts the aftermath of Judith saving her city by killing the general Holofernes.
What personal experience might have influenced Artemisia Gentileschi’s focus on the power of women?
She was rpaed by another teacher when she was young, which may have contributed to her thematic focus.
