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Histopath > Special stains > Flashcards

Special stains Flashcards

Learn special stains for veterinary dermatopathology

1
Q

What does Alcian Blue stain for?

A

Mucins (glycosaminoglycans).

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2
Q

What stains could you use to detect mucin?

A

Alcian Blue, Mucicarmine, colloidal iron.

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3
Q

What does PAS stain?

A

Carbohydrate macromolecules (glycogen & glycoprotein). Can also stain basal layer, collagen & primary cells.

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4
Q

What stain is suitable to detect Noscardia and Rhodococus equi?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain/ Acid fast.

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5
Q

What stains should be used to detect Mycobacterium?

A

1)Ziehl-Neelsen
2) Modified Acid fast (Fite-Faraco).

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6
Q

What does Gomori’s stain help visualise?

A

Collagen & smooth muscle fibres.

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7
Q

What does Masson’s Trichome stain?

A

Muscle, collagen fibres, fibrin & erythrocytes.

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8
Q

What stains can be used for collagen?

A

Gomori’s, Masson’s Trichome, Van Gieson,PAS.

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9
Q

What stain is specific for collagen?

A

Van Gieson.

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10
Q

What stain can be used to visualise elastic fibres?

A

Orcein or Verhoeff-Van Gieson. Review Mannolis lecture for specific ans.

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11
Q

What stain is used to visualise eosinophils?

A

Luna stain.

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12
Q

What colour does calcium deposits stain on VK stain?

A

Brown/black.

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13
Q

What stain can be used to visualise calcium deposits?

A

Von Kossa stain.

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14
Q

What colour does Alcian blue (at pH 2.5) stain mucin?

A

Blue-green.

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15
Q

What colour does mucicarmine stain mucin?

A

Red.

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16
Q

Can PAS be used to stain mucin?

A

No; PAS stains neutral mucopolysarrharides but doesn’t stain mucin.

17
Q

What colour does PAS stain fungi?

A

Pink-red.

18
Q

What stain is better for screening for infectious/fungal disease GMS or PAS and why?

A

GMS is better because some fungal-like organisms (e.g Pythium) stain poorly with PAS but do stain with GMS.

19
Q

What colour does Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain fungi?

A

Black.

20
Q

What stain can be used to confirm melanin?

A

Fontana-Masson.

21
Q

What stains could you use to visualise Prototheca spp.

A

Gridely, GMS, PAS.

22
Q

What stains could you use to visualise Chlorella spp.

A

Gridely, GMS, PAS.

23
Q

What stains can be used to better visualise mast cells?

A

Toludine Blue & Giemsa.

24
Q

What colour does Masson Trichome stain
a) normal collagen?
b) abnormal collagen?

A

a) Blue.
b) Uneven & may have a red core.

25
Q

What do the spherules stain for in Myospherulosis?

A

Endogenous peroxidase.

26
Q

What stain is used to visualise amyloid? What colour dose it stain amyloid under crossed polarised light?

A

Congo red. Apple-green birefringence seen under crossed polarized light

27
Q

Is Nocardia acid fast?

A

Yes, at least partially (appear pink when stained).

28
Q

Is Actinomycetes acid fast?

A

No.

29
Q

What special stain could be used to differentiate Nocardiosis from Actinomycetes

A

Fite-Faraco/ modified acid fast.

30
Q

What can potentially increase acid fast staining intensity of Mycobacteria of formalin fixed specimens

A

1) Using a modified acid-fast stain vs a routine one.
2) Frozen formalin fixed specimens may stain more intensely.

31
Q

What is the Brown Brenn stain used for?

A

Bacteria.

32
Q

If you suspect Porcine Ear Necrosis syndrome what special stain should you consider?

A

Silver stains such as modified Steiner to visualise spirochetes.

33
Q

If you suspect Bartonella what special stain should you consider?

A

Silver stains such as Warthin-Starry.

34
Q

Why does Pythium poorly stain with PAS?

A

It does not produce chitin.

35
Q

What stain is best to visualise Leishmania organisms?

A

Giemsa.

36
Q

What immunohistochemical stain would you use to confirm a fibrosarcoma?

A

Vimentin positive.

37
Q

Can you use the antibodies against vimentin, S-100 and neuron-specific enolase for conformation of a melanocytic tumour?

A

No, whilst they are sensitive for these tumours they are not specific and react with other tumour types.

38
Q

What immunohistochemical stains can you use if you suspect a melanocytic tumour?

A

Melan-A, SOX-10, PNL2, TRP-1 and TRP-2 antibodies.

Histopath (2 decks)

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